2023 CiteScore: 0.5
pISSN: 2538-385X
eISSN: 2538-3868
Editor-in-Chief:
Kazem Malmir, Ph.D.
Vol 10 No 2 (2016)
Research Article(s)
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Introduction: Knee orthosis is used in different cases and can be seen pistoning movement in all orthosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing mass knee brace and two kinds of silicon and polyethylene (PE) pad on pistoning movement during walking, on health subject.
Material and Methods: A total of 20 healthy volunteers, including 10 men and 10 women, with an average age of 24.65 years, participated in this study. Subjects used unloader knee brace with PE and silicon pad, with and without weights in four phases, and at each phase, they engaged in 10 minutes’ walk. Before and after each phase, using a video camera, the brace displacement on limb was measured with a marker. Finally, the pistoning movement of the orthosis on the knee was measured using the Kinovea software.
Results: This study showed significant differences between the four tests (P < 0.050). The mean migration of the orthosis with silicon pads in both genders was lower, compared to the average migration of the or hosis in the three other cases (0.65 cm), and the amount of migration knee brace with silicon pad with weights, PE pad, PE pad with weights was 4.1 ± 1.6, 3.1 ± 1.4, 6.3 ± 1.8 cm, respectively. An inverse relationship existed between the level of comfort and orthosis migration. Orthosis with silicon pad demonstrated the highest level of comfort and orthosis with PE pad, with weight showing the lowest level.
Conclusion: The results showed that the use of silicone pads inside the brace construction, as well as lighter than knee brace, reduced migration, and increased comfort level. Moreover, compliance to knee braces was improved. -
Introduction: Supplying the requirements and consequently the customer’s satisfaction has been one of the fundamental issues since the last decade. In active organizations in the section of health and treatment, individual’s satisfaction will be considered as their feelings toward realizing their expectations. Therefore, the aim of study was to investigate the client needs in the speech therapy and occupational therapy clinics using the Kano model.
Material and Methods: The current research has a descriptive-analytical nature that was conducted among 150 clients referred to the speech therapy and occupational therapy clinics in Kerman who have been randomly selected between the fall and winter 2014. The data were collected by Kano questionnaire that its validity had been approved by the content validity method (due to the standard questions) and its reliability by the testing and retesting method and calculating the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The data then were analyzed using MS Excel and SPSS software and through the data frequency distribution in the adjusted table of Kano and calculating the satisfaction and dissatisfaction coefficients.
Results: In this study, 32 needs were identified that 13 of them were must-be needs, 12 of them were one-dimensional ones, 5 of them were attractive ones, and 2 of them were categorized as indifferent needs. The highest satisfaction coefficient for the appropriate appearance of therapist was determined (0.66), and the highest dissatisfaction coefficient for having excellent communicative skills and good attitude of therapist was determined (−0.96).
Conclusion: Managers and therapists of speech therapy and occupational therapy clinics can design their short-term and long- erm plans, depending on the type of need and its satisfaction and dissatisfaction coefficient and based on the priorities that there are for needs in Kano model and consequently they can manage their resources and time efficiently. -
Introduction: According to the importance of the back extensor muscle strength in postmenopausal women, this study aimed to determine the relationship between strength and changes in the thickness of back extensor muscles during isometric contraction in healthy and osteoporotic postmenopausal women.
Material and Methods: 42 volunteer postmenopausal women according to their Bone Mineral Density divided into two groups “healthy” and “osteoporosis.” Strength and thickness of the muscles were measured, respectively, using a handheld dynamometer and ultrasonography. The interclass correlation was used to evaluate the relative reliability dynamometer and ultrasonography. In addition, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the strength and thickness.
Results: The results indicated a high reproducibility dynamometer test and ultrasonography. There was a good significant positive correlation between strength and the thickness change of the muscles during isometric contractions in the healthy group (P < 0.050), but in the osteoporosis group, there was no significant relationship between these two variables.
Conclusion: In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, due to the low quality of muscles (muscular component of strength), changes of the muscle thickness is not in line with muscle strength during isometric contraction, so it is necessary special back muscle training for these subjects besides of other treat intervention from the point of rehabilitation -
Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most common sport injuries. Despite present progresses in conservative and surgical treatment methods for ACL, the rate of return to pre-injury level (RTP) is low. Fear of movement/reinjury (kinesiophobia) is a major hindrance to RTP in these patients. The aim of the following research was to investigate functional tests’ effect on ACL deficient (ACLD) patients’ kinesiophobia, who do not have significant differences in quadriceps strength, with healthy people. For this purpose, kinesiophobia was measured in these patients before and after functional tests and compared to healthy controls.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on 16 ACLD patients who have been injured for at least 3 months to 2 years at the very most and have been under physical therapy treatment and 16 healthy controls. Quadriceps isometric strength, crossover hop, 6 m timed hop score indexes, and kinesiophobia scores were compiled. Patients (n = 16) were divided into two random groups, where Group “A” (n = 8) took the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-17) questionnaire before functional tests, and Group “B” (n = 8) took the TSK-17 after functional tests. TSK-17 was used to measure kinesiophobia. An analysis of variance was used to compare TSK-17 and other clinical measures between groups.
Results: Comparison of kinesiophobia level between Groups A and B showed a significant difference (P = 0.004). However, between the control group and Group B, no statistical difference existed. Functional tests and muscle strength score indexes between the three groups did not have significant differences. Moreover, activity level and time from injury to evaluation between the two groups of patients had no significant differences.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it could be said that ACLD patients carrying out functional tests may possibly be effective in decreasing kinesiophobia as an important hindrance to RTP level. It appears that the reduction is a result of the patients’ increased awareness about their abilities and functional status since their muscle strength was similar to that of healthy controls. -
Introduction: Falling is a common problem after stroke that occurs following the physical and psychological problems. Psychological factors such as reduce of self-efficacy in maintain balance could have an equal or even greater contribution than physical problems in falling. Therefore, having a suitable tool with acceptable repeatability seems to be necessary for evaluation of individual confidence in balance in prevention and rehabilitation programs. The aim of this study is Persian translation and investigation of the test-retest reliability of the Persian version of Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale in chronic stroke.
Material and Methods: The translation was done according to International Quality of Life Assessment procedure. Then, the Persian version of the ABC scale evaluated twice with 1 week interval by an expert occupational therapist on 62 patients with chronic stroke in Tehran city. The reliability if the scale was determined by internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients); and test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient, Pearson coefficient, standard errors of measurement; and minimum detectable change).
Results: Content face validity of the Persian version for all questions of this scale showed good to excellent. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.97 in the first and second evaluation which indicates the excellent the internal consistency of this scale. The relative reliability total score of the scale was very excellent (0.97) in test-retest. Standard errors of measurement with 68% confidence were obtained 0.96 which is excellent. Furthermore, Pearson coefficient was in range of 0.86-0.97 in the investigation of the test-retest agreement for each item. Minimum detectable change was calculated 2.66.
Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that the Persian version of the ABC scale has excellent test-retest reliability in Iranian chronic stroke and its minimum detectable change is acceptable. -
Introduction: The passive sentence structure is one of the most interesting syntactic structures on language development. Studies in some languages have indicated that comprehension of this syntactic structure takes place late in the language acquisition process. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the comprehension of active and passive structures in 48-59- and 60-71-month-old Persian-speaking children.
Material and Methods: 100 children aged 48-71 months (38 children aged 48-59 months and 62 children aged 60-71 months) participated in this study from seven different kindergartens and three preschools. Five active sentences and four passive sentences were uttered, and the children were asked to look at one of the four pictures in front of them and choose the correct one. After recording the replies, comprehension scores were compared between both age groups and both gender using independent t-test. In the end, the percentages of correct and wrong answers were analyzed.
Results: There was a significant difference between the comprehension of active sentences by the children in both age groups (P < 0.050). Children aged 60-71 months scored higher. There were no significant differences between the comprehension of passive sentences between the two age groups (P > 0.050). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two genders in comprehension of active or passive sentences.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it appears that Persian-speaking children aged 48-71 months have a better comprehension of active sentences compared to passive sentences. Furthermore, despite the improvement in the comprehension of active sentences from 48 months to 71 months, no noticeable change occurred in the comprehension of passive structures. -
Introduction: Spastic hemiplegia is one of the most common types of cerebral palsy. Pathology of the central nervous system can alter normal development of the somatosensory cortex and develop sensory deficits. These deficits can decrease upper limp motor performances and skills and reduce the tendency to use the affected upper limp, so the quality of life is impaired in these children. Therefore, in this study, the effect of sensory interventions (as part of occupational therapy services that impact on the performance of these children have been less reported) on motor function of affected upper limb children with spastic hemiplegia
was investigated.
Material and Methods: In this study, three children with spastic hemiplegia participated using single-subject (A-B) design. During the baseline phase, motor function was measured by Box and Block for three sessions a week to record changes pattern. After an initial assessment, treatment phase began. In this phase, children received sensory training interventions in 12 sessions and 3 times a week. Treatment program was included two parts: tactile and proprioceptive stimulation as active, passive and playfulness. Training for each child was provided according to his/her condition and was graded so that progress, activities got more difficult with the child’s progress. At the end of each week, evaluation was done to record regularly changes after the treatment phase. As follow-up, children were evaluated in three sessions, every other day. Then results of 3 phases were analyzed.
Results: In a visual analysis for each three children, slope in both treatment and baseline phases was accelerating but in treatment was more than baseline. The effect size was large in all of them. In 2SD method, the results of second and third subjects were approved. However, it was not significant for the first one.
Conclusion: Sensory interventions as training program based on sensory deficits can be effective in upper limb motor function in spastic hemiplegia. -
Introduction: Overactive bladder syndrome is characterized by urinary urgency with incontinence urgency, urinary frequency, and nocturia. Overactive bladder effects on the quality of life (QOL). The prevalence of this disease in the world is estimated from 16% to 17% and it is more common among the women. Different treatment methods are suggested to control overactive bladder such as medicine, physiotherapy, behavior therapy, and surgery. Laser acupuncture (LA) is a kind of invasive treatment method in which we used low power laser instead of needle on acupuncture points.
Material and Methods: In this interventional study, we enrolled 50 female patients with age range of 30-60 that were suffering from overactive bladder. 25 cases randomly were selected and received LA and other 25 cases received placebo laser. Study parameters based on 36-item Short Form Health Survey included the number of nocturia, frequency, urinary incontinence and the level of their effect on the life. The treatment duration was 9 weeks and the sessions were twice a week. Descriptive statistics of the variable has been showed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing the mean of variables in two groups and along with the weeks using two-way analysis of variance. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis was utilized to assess the effect of laser acupuncture longitudinally during the 4 weeks. An identity link function was used in the GEE analysis since the weekly number of records have been averaged using daily number of records for each variable. Statistical software R version 3.1.3 was used, and the significance level of 0.05 was assumed for all the tests in this study.
Results: This study shaw LA decrease the number of nocturia and urinary urgency significantly and improve QOL in the study group.
Conclusion: Our results confirmed effect of treatment of LA on decreasing of urinary urgency and nocturia.
