Research Article

The Effects of Hand Exercise Program on Activities of Daily Living of People Older Than 60 Years

Abstract

Introduction: Aging is a dynamic and progressive process characterized by morphological, functional, and psychological changes, which restricts adaption to the environment and reduces the quality of life. Maintaining the ability of performing activities of daily living (ADL) is vital to the elderly and poor motor function is associated with higher dependency. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hand resistance training and dexterity as a treatment package on the performance of ADL in the elderly.
Material and Methods: A total of 20 senior adults were randomly (picking up by coded envelopes) assigned to intervention and control groups. We used Barthel test to evaluate the performance of ADL, and Box and Block test to evaluate the hand function.
Results: According to results, changes in ADL were not statistically significant over time (P=0.583). However, the results of Box and Block test showed that right- and left-hand performance changes over time was statistically significant (P=0.002).
Conclusion: Based on the results, 6 weeks training could improve hand function and dexterity and maintain the ability to perform ADL in the elderly.

 

Mirzaei M, Shams Ghahfaroki M. [Demography of elder population in Iran over the period 1956 To 2006 (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2007; 5(2):326–31.

Clayton JL. Special needs of older adults undergoing surgery. AORN Journal. 2008; 87(3):557–74. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2008.02.006

Bahgeri H, Abdolvahab M, Raji P, Jalili M, Faghih Zadeh S, Soltani Z. [The effects of progressive resistive exercises on activities of daily living of elderly persons (Persian)]. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2010; 4(1-2):56-9.

Chang YK, Pan CY, Chen FT, Tsai CL, Huang CC. Effect of resistance-exercise training on cognitive function in healthy older adults: A review. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity. 2012; 20(4):497–517. doi: 10.1123/japa.20.4.497

Cassilhas RC, Viana VAR, Grassmann V, Santos RT, Santos RF, Tufik S, et al. The impact of resistance exercise on the cognitive function of the elderly. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2007; 39(8):1401–7. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e318060111f

Ranganathan VK, Siemionow V, Sahgal V, Yue GH. Effects of aging on hand function. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2001; 49(11):1478–84. doi: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.4911240.x

Scherder E, Dekker W, Eggermont L. Higher-level hand motor function in aging and (preclinical) dementia: Its relationship with (instrumental) activities of daily life – A mini-review. Gerontology. 2008; 54(6):333–41. doi: 10.1159/000168203

Ades PA. Resistance training increases total daily energy expenditure in disabled older women with coronary heart disease. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2005; 98(4):1280–5. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00360.2004

Foroughan M, Jafari Z, Shirin Bayan P, Ghaem Magham Farahani Z, Rahgozar M. [Standardization of brief cognitive status examination of elderly in Tehran in 2008 (Persian)]. Advances in Cognitive Science. 2008; 10(2):29-37.

Desrosiers J, Bravo G, Hébert R, Dutil E, Mercier L. Validation of the Box and Block test as a measure of dexterity of elderly people: Reliability, validity, and norms studies. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 1994; 75(7):751-5. PMID: 8024419

Mathiowetz V, Weber K, Kashman N, Volland G. Adult norms for the nine hole Peg test of finger dexterity. Occupation, Participation and Health. 1985; 5(1):24–38. doi: 10.1177/153944928500500102

Tagharrobi Z, Sharifi K, Sooky Z. [Psychometric evaluation of Shah version of modified Barthel index in elderly people residing in Kashan Golabchi nursing home (Persian)]. Feyz Journals of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 15(3):213-224.

Oveisgharan S1, Shirani S, Ghorbani A, Soltanzade A, Baghaei A, Hosseini S, et al. Barthel index in a middle-east country: Translation, validity and reliability. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2006; 22(5-6):350–4. doi: 10.1159/000094850

Dechamps A. Effects of exercise programs to prevent decline in health-related quality of life in highly deconditioned institutionalized elderly Persons. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2010; 170(2):162. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.489

Singh NA, Clements KM, Fiatarone MA. A randomized controlled trial of progressive resistance training in depressed elders. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 1997; 52(1):27–35. doi: 10.1093/gerona/52a.1.m27

Aagaard P, Magnusson PS, Larsson B, Kjær M, Krustrup P. Mechanical muscle function, morphology, and fiber type in lifelong trained elderly. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2007; 39(11):1989–96. doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31814fb402

Aagaard P. Training-induced changes in neural function. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews. 2003; 31(2):61–7. doi: 10.1097/00003677-200304000-00002

Files
IssueVol 10 No 4 (2016) QRcode
SectionResearch Article(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18869/nirp.jmr.10.4.193
Keywords
Resistance exercises Elderly Activity of daily living Hand function
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Mohammadifard M, Raji P, Hadian MR, Mahmoodian M, Baghestani AR, Esmaeilian H. The Effects of Hand Exercise Program on Activities of Daily Living of People Older Than 60 Years. jmr. 2015;10(4):193-198.