Investigating the Range of Motion and Balance Symmetry Between the Dominant and Non-dominant Arms in the Classic Female Wrestlers
,
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Range of Motion (ROM) and balance symmetry between dominant and non-dominant arms in classic female wrestlers.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 13 members of the Iranian Women’s National Classic Wrestling Team participated voluntarily. The shoulder ROM was measured by a goniometer and dynamic balance was assessed by the Y-balance test. Data analysis was done by running a paired t-test, with a 0.95 confidence level (α<0.05).
Results: There was no significant difference between dominant and non-dominant upper extremities in flexion (P=0.162), extension (P=0.264), abduction (P=0.077), internal rotation (P=0.972), and external rotation (0.945). A significant difference was found in the Y-balance test in medial (P=0.026) and inferior-lateral directions (P=0.047), but no significant difference in superior-lateral direction (P=0.715) and composite score (P=0.071).
Conclusion: Based on the results, it seems that the balance in the dominant arm is better than that in non-dominant arm in the athletes so the non-dominant arm may be at more risk for injury development. We, therefore, recommend that the coaches and trainers pay particular attention to these findings in designing the injury prevention programs.
1. Yoon J. Physiological profiles of elite senior wrestlers. Sports Medicine. 2002; 32(4):225-33. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200232040-00002] [PMID]
2. Mirzaei B, Curby DG, Rahmani-Nia F, Moghadasi M. Physiological profile of elite Iranian junior freestyle wrestlers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2009; 23(8):2339-44. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bb7350] [PMID]
3. Baić M, Sertić H, Starosta W. Differences in physical fitness levels between the classical and the free style wrestlers. Kinesiology. 2007; 39(2):142-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228505588
4. Clarsen B, Rønsen O, Myklebust G, Flørenes TW, Bahr R. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems: A new approach to prospective monitoring of illness and injury in elite athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014; 48(9):754-60. [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2012-092087] [PMID]
5. Thurman DJ. The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in children and youths: A review of research since 1990. Journal of Child Neurology. 2016; 31(1):20-7. [DOI:10.1177/0883073814544363] [PMID]
6. Otero JE, Graves CM, Bollier MJ. Injuries in collegiate wrestlers at an elite division I NCAA wrestling program: An epidemiological study. The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal. 2017; 37:65-70. [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Hosseinimehr H, Norasteh AA, Daneshmandi H, Rahpemay-Rad K, Rahimi R. [The effect of vibration on leg muscles proprioception in static and dynamic postural control (English-Italian)]. Medicina dello Sport. 2009; 62(4):447-54. https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/medicina-dello-sport/article.php?cod=R26Y2009N04A0447
8. Gheitasi M, Alizadeh MH, Rajabi R. [Is Q-angle a predictor of knee ligament and meniscus injury in elite wrestlers? (Persian)]. Harakat. 2009; 39:5-20. https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_27764_en.html
9. Annett M. Handedness and cerebral dominance: The right shift theory. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1998; 10(4):459-69. [DOI:10.1176/jnp.10.4.459] [PMID]
10. Bagesteiro LB, Sainburg RL. Handedness: Dominant arm advantages in control of limb dynamics. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2002; 88(5):2408-21. [DOI:10.1152/jn.00901.2001] [PMID]
11. Iwai K, Nakazato K, Irie K, Fujimoto H, Nakajima H. Low back pain and lumbar disc degeneration are related to weight category in collegiate wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2006; 38(5):S51. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2006/05001/Low_Back_Pain_and_Lumbar_Disc_Degeneration_Are.1105.aspx
12. Grygorowicz M, Kubacki J, Pilis W, Gieremek K, Rzepka R. Selected isokinetic tests in knee injury prevention. Biology of Sport. 2010; 27(1):47-51. [DOI:10.5604/20831862.907793]
13. Clarsen B, Bahr R, Andersson SH, Munk R, Myklebust G. Reduced glenohumeral rotation, external rotation weakness and scapular dyskinesis are risk factors for shoulder injuries among elite male handball players: A prospective cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014; 48(17):1327-33. [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093702] [PMID]
14. Winter DA, Patla AE, Frank JS. Assessment of balance control in humans. Medical Progress Through Technology. 1990; 16(1-2):31-51. [PMID]
15. Punakallio A. Balance abilities of different-aged workers in physically demanding jobs. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. 2003; 13(1):33-43. [DOI:10.1023/A:1021845823521] [PMID]
16. Bressel E, Yonker JC, Kras J, Heath EM. Comparison of static and dynamic balance in female collegiate soccer, basketball, and gymnastics athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 2007; 42(1):42-6. [PMID] [PMCID]
17. Guskiewicz KM, Perrin DH, Gansneder BM. Effect of mild head injury on postural stability in athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 1996; 31(4):300-6. [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Utter AC, Lambeth PG. Evaluation of multi-frequency BIA in assessing body composition of wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2010; 42(5):129. [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000386303.49538.f6]
19. Cross KM, Worrell TW. Effects of a static stretching program on the incidence of lower extremity musculotendinous strains. Journal of Athletic Training. 1999; 34(1):11-4. [PMID] [PMCID]
20. Triffitt PD. The relationship between motion of the shoulder and the stated ability to perform activities of daily living. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 1998; 80(1):41-6. [DOI:10.2106/00004623-199801000-00008] [PMID]
21. Agel J, Ransone J, Dick R, Oppliger R, Marshall SW. Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate men’s wrestling injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2003-2004. Journal of Athletic Training. 2007; 42(2):303-10. [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Rynkiewicz M, Rynkiewicz T, Żurek P, Ziemann E, Szymanik R. Asymmetry of muscle mass distribution in tennis players. Trends in Sport Sciences. 2013; 1(20):47-53. http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/Content/261625/PDF/8_Trends_2013_1_47.pdf
23. Markou S, Vagenas G. Multivariate isokinetic asymmetry of the knee and shoulder in elite volleyball players. European Journal of Sport Science. 2006; 6(1):71-80. [DOI:10.1080/17461390500533147]
24. Butler RJ, Myers HS, Black D, Kiesel KB, Plisky PJ, Moorman CT, et al. Bilateral differences in the upper quarter function of high school aged baseball and softball players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2014; 9(4):518-24. [PMID] [PMCID]
25. Hosseinimehr SH, Anbarian M, Norasteh AA, Fardmal J, Khosravi MT. The comparison of scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm between dominant and non-dominant shoulder in male overhead athletes and non-athletes. Manual Therapy. 2015; 20(6):758-62. [DOI:10.1016/j.math.2015.02.010] [PMID]
26. Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Plisky PJ, Kiesel KB. Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test: Reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2012; 26(11):3043-8. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182472fdb] [PMID]
27. Pires ED, Camargo PR. Analysis of the kinetic chain in asymptomatic individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 2018; 54:8-15. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.02.017] [PMID]
28. Westrick RB, Miller JM, Carow SD, Parry Gerber J. Exploration of the Y-Balance Test for assessment of upper quarter closed kinetic chain performance. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2012; 7(2):139-47. [PMID] [PMCID]
29. Butler R, Arms J, Reiman M, Plisky P, Kiesel K, Taylor D, et al. Sex differences in dynamic closed kinetic chain upper quarter function in collegiate swimmers. Journal of Athletic Training. 2014; 49(4):442-6. [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.17] [PMID] [PMCID]
30. Plisky PJ, Rauh MJ, Kaminski TW, Underwood FB. Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2006; 36(12):911-9. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2006.2244] [PMID]
31. Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ. The reliability and concurrent validity of shoulder mobility measurements using a digital inclinometer and goniometer: A technical report. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2012; 7(3):306-13. [PMID] [PMCID]
32. Cools AM, De Wilde L, Van Tongel A, Ceyssens C, Ryckewaert R, Cambier DC. Measuring shoulder external and internal rotation strength and range of motion: Comprehensive intra-rater and inter-rater reliability study of several testing protocols. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2014; 23(10):1454-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.jse.2014.01.006] [PMID]
33. Ghorbani M, Sokhangouei Y, Sadeghi H. [Effect of Pilates exercise on range of motion and edema of upper limb in mastectomy side (Persian)]. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 13(3):297-304. http://jarums.arums.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.html
34. Daneshmandi H, Rahmaninia F, Shahrokhi H, Rahmani P, Esmaeili S. Shoulder joint flexibility in top athletes. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering. 2010; 3(8):811-5. [DOI:10.4236/jbise.2010.38108]
35. Kronberg M, Broström LÅ, Söderlund V. Retroversion of the humeral head in the normal shoulder and its relationship to the normal range of motion. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1990; 253:113-7. [DOI:10.1097/00003086-199004000-00015]
36. Clarke GR, Willis LA, Fish WW, Nichols PJR. Preliminary studies in measuring range of motion in normal and painful stiff shoulders. Rheumatology. 1975; 14(1):39-46. [DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/14.1.39] [PMID]
37. Murray MP, Gore DR, Gardner GM, Mollinger LA. Shoulder motion and muscle strength of normal men and women in two age groups. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1985; 192:268-73. [DOI:10.1097/00003086-198501000-00037]
38. Harput G, Guney H, Toprak U, Kaya T, Colakoglu FF, Baltaci G. Shoulder-rotator strength, range of motion, and acromiohumeral distance in asymptomatic adolescent volleyball attackers. Journal of Athletic Training. 2016; 51(9):733-8. [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.04] [PMID] [PMCID]
39. Myers H, Poletti M, Butler RJ. Difference in functional performance on the Upper-Quarter Y-Balance Test between high school baseball players and wrestlers. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2017; 26(3):253-9 [DOI:10.1123/jsr.2015-0168] [PMID]
40. Hrysomallis C, McLaughlin P, Goodman C. Balance and injury in elite Australian footballers. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007; 28(10):844-7. [DOI:10.1055/s-2007-964897] [PMID]
41. McGuine TA, Greene JJ, Best T, Leverson G. Balance as a predictor of ankle injuries in high school basketball players. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2000; 10(4):239-44. [DOI:10.1097/00042752-200010000-00003] [PMID]
42. Hrysomallis C. Relationship between balance ability, training and sports injury risk. Sports Medicine. 2007; 37(6):547-56. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200737060-00007] [PMID]
43. Caraffa A, Cerulli G, Projetti M, Aisa G, Rizzo A. Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer. A prospective controlled study of proprioceptive training. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 1996; 4(1):19-21. [DOI:10.1007/BF01565992] [PMID]
44. Bayati R, Shamsi Majelan A, Mirzaei B, Barbas I. The effect of 12 weeks of wrestling+warm-up program on functional movement screen scores in cadet wrestlers. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2019; 7(1):39-47. [DOI:10.29252/aassjournal.7.1.39]
45. Rahnama N, Lees A, Bambaecichi E. Comparison of muscle strength and flexibility between the preferred and non-preferred leg in English soccer players. Ergonomics. 2005; 48(11-14):1568-75. [DOI:10.1080/00140130500101585] [PMID]
46. Teixeira LA, Silva MV, Carvalho M. Reduction of lateral asymmetries in dribbling: The role of bilateral practice. Laterality. 2003; 8(1):53-65. [DOI:10.1080/713754469] [PMID]
47. Focke A, Spancken S, Stockinger C, Thürer B, Stein T. Bilateral practice improves dominant leg performance in long jump. European Journal of Sport Science. 2016; 16(7):787-93. [DOI:10.1080/17461391.2016.1141996] [PMID]
2. Mirzaei B, Curby DG, Rahmani-Nia F, Moghadasi M. Physiological profile of elite Iranian junior freestyle wrestlers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2009; 23(8):2339-44. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bb7350] [PMID]
3. Baić M, Sertić H, Starosta W. Differences in physical fitness levels between the classical and the free style wrestlers. Kinesiology. 2007; 39(2):142-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228505588
4. Clarsen B, Rønsen O, Myklebust G, Flørenes TW, Bahr R. The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire on health problems: A new approach to prospective monitoring of illness and injury in elite athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014; 48(9):754-60. [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2012-092087] [PMID]
5. Thurman DJ. The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in children and youths: A review of research since 1990. Journal of Child Neurology. 2016; 31(1):20-7. [DOI:10.1177/0883073814544363] [PMID]
6. Otero JE, Graves CM, Bollier MJ. Injuries in collegiate wrestlers at an elite division I NCAA wrestling program: An epidemiological study. The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal. 2017; 37:65-70. [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Hosseinimehr H, Norasteh AA, Daneshmandi H, Rahpemay-Rad K, Rahimi R. [The effect of vibration on leg muscles proprioception in static and dynamic postural control (English-Italian)]. Medicina dello Sport. 2009; 62(4):447-54. https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/medicina-dello-sport/article.php?cod=R26Y2009N04A0447
8. Gheitasi M, Alizadeh MH, Rajabi R. [Is Q-angle a predictor of knee ligament and meniscus injury in elite wrestlers? (Persian)]. Harakat. 2009; 39:5-20. https://joh.ut.ac.ir/article_27764_en.html
9. Annett M. Handedness and cerebral dominance: The right shift theory. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 1998; 10(4):459-69. [DOI:10.1176/jnp.10.4.459] [PMID]
10. Bagesteiro LB, Sainburg RL. Handedness: Dominant arm advantages in control of limb dynamics. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2002; 88(5):2408-21. [DOI:10.1152/jn.00901.2001] [PMID]
11. Iwai K, Nakazato K, Irie K, Fujimoto H, Nakajima H. Low back pain and lumbar disc degeneration are related to weight category in collegiate wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2006; 38(5):S51. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Fulltext/2006/05001/Low_Back_Pain_and_Lumbar_Disc_Degeneration_Are.1105.aspx
12. Grygorowicz M, Kubacki J, Pilis W, Gieremek K, Rzepka R. Selected isokinetic tests in knee injury prevention. Biology of Sport. 2010; 27(1):47-51. [DOI:10.5604/20831862.907793]
13. Clarsen B, Bahr R, Andersson SH, Munk R, Myklebust G. Reduced glenohumeral rotation, external rotation weakness and scapular dyskinesis are risk factors for shoulder injuries among elite male handball players: A prospective cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2014; 48(17):1327-33. [DOI:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093702] [PMID]
14. Winter DA, Patla AE, Frank JS. Assessment of balance control in humans. Medical Progress Through Technology. 1990; 16(1-2):31-51. [PMID]
15. Punakallio A. Balance abilities of different-aged workers in physically demanding jobs. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation. 2003; 13(1):33-43. [DOI:10.1023/A:1021845823521] [PMID]
16. Bressel E, Yonker JC, Kras J, Heath EM. Comparison of static and dynamic balance in female collegiate soccer, basketball, and gymnastics athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 2007; 42(1):42-6. [PMID] [PMCID]
17. Guskiewicz KM, Perrin DH, Gansneder BM. Effect of mild head injury on postural stability in athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 1996; 31(4):300-6. [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Utter AC, Lambeth PG. Evaluation of multi-frequency BIA in assessing body composition of wrestlers. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2010; 42(5):129. [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000386303.49538.f6]
19. Cross KM, Worrell TW. Effects of a static stretching program on the incidence of lower extremity musculotendinous strains. Journal of Athletic Training. 1999; 34(1):11-4. [PMID] [PMCID]
20. Triffitt PD. The relationship between motion of the shoulder and the stated ability to perform activities of daily living. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 1998; 80(1):41-6. [DOI:10.2106/00004623-199801000-00008] [PMID]
21. Agel J, Ransone J, Dick R, Oppliger R, Marshall SW. Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate men’s wrestling injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2003-2004. Journal of Athletic Training. 2007; 42(2):303-10. [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Rynkiewicz M, Rynkiewicz T, Żurek P, Ziemann E, Szymanik R. Asymmetry of muscle mass distribution in tennis players. Trends in Sport Sciences. 2013; 1(20):47-53. http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/Content/261625/PDF/8_Trends_2013_1_47.pdf
23. Markou S, Vagenas G. Multivariate isokinetic asymmetry of the knee and shoulder in elite volleyball players. European Journal of Sport Science. 2006; 6(1):71-80. [DOI:10.1080/17461390500533147]
24. Butler RJ, Myers HS, Black D, Kiesel KB, Plisky PJ, Moorman CT, et al. Bilateral differences in the upper quarter function of high school aged baseball and softball players. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2014; 9(4):518-24. [PMID] [PMCID]
25. Hosseinimehr SH, Anbarian M, Norasteh AA, Fardmal J, Khosravi MT. The comparison of scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm between dominant and non-dominant shoulder in male overhead athletes and non-athletes. Manual Therapy. 2015; 20(6):758-62. [DOI:10.1016/j.math.2015.02.010] [PMID]
26. Gorman PP, Butler RJ, Plisky PJ, Kiesel KB. Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test: Reliability and performance comparison between genders in active adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2012; 26(11):3043-8. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182472fdb] [PMID]
27. Pires ED, Camargo PR. Analysis of the kinetic chain in asymptomatic individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 2018; 54:8-15. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.02.017] [PMID]
28. Westrick RB, Miller JM, Carow SD, Parry Gerber J. Exploration of the Y-Balance Test for assessment of upper quarter closed kinetic chain performance. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2012; 7(2):139-47. [PMID] [PMCID]
29. Butler R, Arms J, Reiman M, Plisky P, Kiesel K, Taylor D, et al. Sex differences in dynamic closed kinetic chain upper quarter function in collegiate swimmers. Journal of Athletic Training. 2014; 49(4):442-6. [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.17] [PMID] [PMCID]
30. Plisky PJ, Rauh MJ, Kaminski TW, Underwood FB. Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. The Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 2006; 36(12):911-9. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2006.2244] [PMID]
31. Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ. The reliability and concurrent validity of shoulder mobility measurements using a digital inclinometer and goniometer: A technical report. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2012; 7(3):306-13. [PMID] [PMCID]
32. Cools AM, De Wilde L, Van Tongel A, Ceyssens C, Ryckewaert R, Cambier DC. Measuring shoulder external and internal rotation strength and range of motion: Comprehensive intra-rater and inter-rater reliability study of several testing protocols. Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery. 2014; 23(10):1454-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.jse.2014.01.006] [PMID]
33. Ghorbani M, Sokhangouei Y, Sadeghi H. [Effect of Pilates exercise on range of motion and edema of upper limb in mastectomy side (Persian)]. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 13(3):297-304. http://jarums.arums.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.html
34. Daneshmandi H, Rahmaninia F, Shahrokhi H, Rahmani P, Esmaeili S. Shoulder joint flexibility in top athletes. Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering. 2010; 3(8):811-5. [DOI:10.4236/jbise.2010.38108]
35. Kronberg M, Broström LÅ, Söderlund V. Retroversion of the humeral head in the normal shoulder and its relationship to the normal range of motion. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1990; 253:113-7. [DOI:10.1097/00003086-199004000-00015]
36. Clarke GR, Willis LA, Fish WW, Nichols PJR. Preliminary studies in measuring range of motion in normal and painful stiff shoulders. Rheumatology. 1975; 14(1):39-46. [DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/14.1.39] [PMID]
37. Murray MP, Gore DR, Gardner GM, Mollinger LA. Shoulder motion and muscle strength of normal men and women in two age groups. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1985; 192:268-73. [DOI:10.1097/00003086-198501000-00037]
38. Harput G, Guney H, Toprak U, Kaya T, Colakoglu FF, Baltaci G. Shoulder-rotator strength, range of motion, and acromiohumeral distance in asymptomatic adolescent volleyball attackers. Journal of Athletic Training. 2016; 51(9):733-8. [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-51.12.04] [PMID] [PMCID]
39. Myers H, Poletti M, Butler RJ. Difference in functional performance on the Upper-Quarter Y-Balance Test between high school baseball players and wrestlers. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2017; 26(3):253-9 [DOI:10.1123/jsr.2015-0168] [PMID]
40. Hrysomallis C, McLaughlin P, Goodman C. Balance and injury in elite Australian footballers. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007; 28(10):844-7. [DOI:10.1055/s-2007-964897] [PMID]
41. McGuine TA, Greene JJ, Best T, Leverson G. Balance as a predictor of ankle injuries in high school basketball players. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2000; 10(4):239-44. [DOI:10.1097/00042752-200010000-00003] [PMID]
42. Hrysomallis C. Relationship between balance ability, training and sports injury risk. Sports Medicine. 2007; 37(6):547-56. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200737060-00007] [PMID]
43. Caraffa A, Cerulli G, Projetti M, Aisa G, Rizzo A. Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer. A prospective controlled study of proprioceptive training. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 1996; 4(1):19-21. [DOI:10.1007/BF01565992] [PMID]
44. Bayati R, Shamsi Majelan A, Mirzaei B, Barbas I. The effect of 12 weeks of wrestling+warm-up program on functional movement screen scores in cadet wrestlers. Annals of Applied Sport Science. 2019; 7(1):39-47. [DOI:10.29252/aassjournal.7.1.39]
45. Rahnama N, Lees A, Bambaecichi E. Comparison of muscle strength and flexibility between the preferred and non-preferred leg in English soccer players. Ergonomics. 2005; 48(11-14):1568-75. [DOI:10.1080/00140130500101585] [PMID]
46. Teixeira LA, Silva MV, Carvalho M. Reduction of lateral asymmetries in dribbling: The role of bilateral practice. Laterality. 2003; 8(1):53-65. [DOI:10.1080/713754469] [PMID]
47. Focke A, Spancken S, Stockinger C, Thürer B, Stein T. Bilateral practice improves dominant leg performance in long jump. European Journal of Sport Science. 2016; 16(7):787-93. [DOI:10.1080/17461391.2016.1141996] [PMID]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 2 (2020) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v14i2.7705 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Athletes Postural balance Arm Range of motion Wrestling | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Sayyadi P, Sheikhhoseini R. Investigating the Range of Motion and Balance Symmetry Between the Dominant and Non-dominant Arms in the Classic Female Wrestlers. jmr. 2020;14(2):81-88.
