Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Flipped Classroom for Postgraduate Physiotherapy Students
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Abstract
Introduction: Teamwork is an essential component of delivering successful physiotherapy services to patients; therefore, the education of physiotherapy students should be directed toward strategies that promote interaction between classmates. A flipped classroom (FC) is a pedagogical strategy that promotes active learning. The present study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate the FC for postgraduate physiotherapy students.
Materials and Methods: A total of 44 postgraduate general and sport physiotherapy students participated in this study from 2016 to 2019. Two theoretical courses were designed and delivered based on the FC approach. The data were collected using a questionnaire that contained 12 items based on the 5-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney, and Fisher exact tests.
Results: The students’ familiarity with FC was 2.52±1.51 (median=3). The total agreement with FC was 3.42±0.92 (median=3). Only 22.7% of the students reported no increase in motivation. Meanwhile, 71% of the students agreed with a blended classroom, while only 52% preferred to teach only with FC.
Conclusion: Most students preferred a blended classroom combining in-class and home activities. Also, the FC could augment the interaction and motivation of the students. Accordingly, FC is a valuable teaching strategy for postgraduate physiotherapy students.
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21. Ellaway R, Masters K. AMEE Guide 32: E-Learning in medical education Part 1: Learning, teaching and assessment. Medical Teacher. 2008; 30(5):455-73. [DOI:10.1080/01421590802108331] [PMID]
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24. Beidokhti MH, Moradi N. Assessment of satisfaction of rehabilitation students with clinical education quality in Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2018; 11(4):251-7. [Link]
25. Lillejord S, Børte K, Nesje K, Ruud E. Learning and teaching with technology in higher education-a systematic review. Oslo: Knowledge Center for Education; 2018. [Link]
26. Moffett J. Twelve tips for “flipping” the classroom. Medical Teacher. 2015; 37(4):331-6. [DOI:10.3109/0142159X.2014.943710] [PMID]
27. Zhao Y, Ho AD. Evaluating the flipped classroom in an undergraduate history course. HarvardX Research Memo. 2014; 1-48. [Link]
28. Sanagoo A, Araghian Mojarad F, Jooybari L. [Flipped classroom: A new and appropriate teaching method for the research course (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2015; 15:442-3. [Link]
2. Gilboy MB, Heinerichs S, Pazzaglia G. Enhancing student engagement using the flipped classroom. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2015; 47(1):109-14. [DOI:10.1016/j.jneb.2014.08.008] [PMID]
3. Day LJ. A gross anatomy flipped classroom effects performance, retention, and higher-level thinking in lower performing students. Anatomical Sciences Education. 2018; 11(6):565-74. [DOI:10.1002/ase.1772] [PMID]
4. Andrews TM, Leonard MJ, Colgrove CA, Kalinowski ST. Active learning not associated with student learning in a random sample of college biology courses. CBE-Life Sciences Education. 2011; 10(4):394-405. [DOI:10.1187/cbe.11-07-0061] [PMID]
5. Michael J. Where’s the evidence that active learning works? Advances in Physiology Education. 2006; 30(4):159-67. [DOI:10.1152/advan.00053.2006] [PMID]
6. Uzunboylu H, Karagozlu D. Flipped classroom: A review of recent literature. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues. 2015; 7(2):142-7. [DOI:10.18844/wjet.v7i2.46]
7. Arnold-Garza S. The flipped classroom teaching model and its use for information literacy instruction. Communications in Information Literacy. 2014; 8(1):7-22. [DOI:10.15760/comminfolit.2014.8.1.161]
8. O’Flaherty J, Phillips C. The use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review. The Internet and Higher Education. 2015; 25:85-95 [DOI:10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.002]
9. Tucker B. The flipped classroom. Education Next. 2012; 12(1):82-3. [Link]
10. Abeysekera L, Dawson P. Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: Definition, rationale and a call for research. Higher Education Research & Development. 2015; 34(1):1-4. [DOI:10.1080/07294360.2014.934336]
11. Galway LP, Corbett KK, Takaro TK, Tairyan K, Frank E. A novel integration of online and flipped classroom instructional models in public health higher education. BMC Medical Education. 2014; 14:181. [DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-14-181] [PMID]
12. Betihavas V, Bridgman H, Kornhaber R, Cross M. The evidence for ‘flipping out’: A systematic review of the flipped classroom in nursing education. Nurse Education Today. 2016; 38:15-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.12.010] [PMID]
13. Ødegaard NB, Myrhaug HT, Dahl-Michelsen T, Røe Y. Digital learning designs in physiotherapy education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Medical Education. 2021; 21(1):48. [DOI:10.1186/s12909-020-02483-w] [PMID]
14. Hurst KM. Using video podcasting to enhance the learning of clinical skills: A qualitative study of physiotherapy students’ experiences. Nurse Education Today. 2016; 45:206-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2016.08.011] [PMID]
15. Røe Y, Rowe M, Ødegaard NB, Sylliaas H, Dahl-Michelsen T. Learning with technology in physiotherapy education: Design, implementation and evaluation of a flipped classroom teaching approach. BMC Medical Education. 2019; 19(1):291.[DOI:10.1186/s12909-019-1728-2] [PMID]
16. Rowe M. A critical pedagogy for online learning in physiotherapy education. In: Gibson BE, Nicholls DA, Setchell J, Groven KS, editors. Manipulating practices: A critical physiotherapy reader. Akersgata: Cappelen Damm Akademisk; 2018. [Link]
17. Olivier B, Verdonck M, Caseleijn D. Digital technologies in undergraduate and postgraduate education in occupational therapy and physiotherapy: A scoping review. JBI Evidence Synthesis. 2020; 18(5):863-92. [DOI:10.11124/JBISRIR-D-19-00210] [PMID]
18. Sinouvassane D, Nalini A. Perception of flipped classroom model among year one and year three health science students. International Journal of Information and Education Technology. 2016; 6(3):215-8. [DOI:10.7763/IJIET.2016.V6.687]
19. Chu L, Sun SH. The application of flipped classroom in pediatric physical therapy. Physiotherapy. 2015; 101:e252. [DOI:10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.433]
20. Tune JD, Sturek M, Basile DP. Flipped classroom model improves graduate student performance in cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal physiology. Advances in Physiology Education. 2013; 37(4):316-20. [DOI:10.1152/advan.00091.2013] [PMID]
21. Ellaway R, Masters K. AMEE Guide 32: E-Learning in medical education Part 1: Learning, teaching and assessment. Medical Teacher. 2008; 30(5):455-73. [DOI:10.1080/01421590802108331] [PMID]
22. Hamdan N, McKnight P, Mcknight K, Arfstrom K. A white paper based on the literature review titled a review of flipped learning. Flipped Learning Network. 2013; 1-16. [Link]
23. Chen F, Lui AM, Martinelli SM. A systematic review of the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in medical education. Medical Education. 2017; 51(6):585-97. [DOI:10.1111/medu.13272] [PMID]
24. Beidokhti MH, Moradi N. Assessment of satisfaction of rehabilitation students with clinical education quality in Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2018; 11(4):251-7. [Link]
25. Lillejord S, Børte K, Nesje K, Ruud E. Learning and teaching with technology in higher education-a systematic review. Oslo: Knowledge Center for Education; 2018. [Link]
26. Moffett J. Twelve tips for “flipping” the classroom. Medical Teacher. 2015; 37(4):331-6. [DOI:10.3109/0142159X.2014.943710] [PMID]
27. Zhao Y, Ho AD. Evaluating the flipped classroom in an undergraduate history course. HarvardX Research Memo. 2014; 1-48. [Link]
28. Sanagoo A, Araghian Mojarad F, Jooybari L. [Flipped classroom: A new and appropriate teaching method for the research course (Persian)]. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2015; 15:442-3. [Link]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 18 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v18i1.14730 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Flipped classroom Teaching method Physiotherapy education | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Honarpishe R, Ghotbi N, Jalaei S. Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Flipped Classroom for Postgraduate Physiotherapy Students. jmr. 2024;18(1):62-69.
