Comparison of Knee Proprioception between Athletes with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Healthy Athletes
Abstract
Introduction: In addition to the instability of the knee joint, injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) leads to a functional deficit in the form of diminished proprioception of the knee joint. The purpose of this study was to compare knee proprioception in athletes with an ACL injury and healthy athletes.
Materials and Methods: The participants in this cross-sectional study were 26 athletes with an ACL injury and 24 healthy athletes who were selected from the orthopedic clinic at Baqiyatallah Hospital in 2019, Tehran City, Iran. Cooper or non-Cooper subjects with ACL injury were identified via the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). The knee proprioception of all participants was recorded using a system consisting of digital photography, non-reflective markers, and Digimizer software.
Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between groups in the absolute error of knee joint reconstruction at both 45° and 90° angles.
Conclusion: The data of the study showed that in comparison with healthy athletes, the knee joint proprioception of athletes with an ACL injury is not different and has the same function.
[1] Lacour, M., Bernard-Demanze, L., & Dumitrescu, M. (2008). Posture control, aging, and attention resources: models and posture-analysis methods. Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology, 38(6), 411–421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2008.09.005.
[2] Kennedy, J. C., Alexander, I. J., & Hayes, K. C. (1982). Nerve supply of the human knee and its functional importance. The American journal of sports medicine, 10(6), 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658201000601.
[3] Çabuk H, Kuşku Çabuk F. Mechanoreceptors of the ligaments and tendons around the knee. Clinical Anatomy. 2016 Sep; 29(6):789-95.
[4] Kennedy, J. C., Weinberg, H. W., & Wilson, A. S. (1974). The anatomy and function of the anterior cruciate ligament. As determined by clinical and morphological studies. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 56(2), 223–235.
[5] Shen, M., Che, S., Ye, D., Li, Y., Lin, F., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Effects of backward walking on knee proprioception after ACL reconstruction. Physiotherapy theory and practice, 1–8. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2019.1681040.
[6] Tsuda, E., Okamura, Y., Otsuka, H., Komatsu, T., & Tokuya, S. (2001). Direct evidence of the anterior cruciate ligament-hamstring reflex arc in humans. The American journal of sports medicine, 29(1), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290011801.
[7] di Laura Frattura, G., Zaffagnini, S., Filardo, G., Romandini, I., Fusco, A., & Candrian, C. (2019). Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Effects on Proprioception. A Systematic Review and Best Evidence Synthesis. The Journal of arthroplasty, 34(11), 2815–2822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2019.06.0057.
[8] Jung Y. B. (2012). Recent evolution of cruciate ligament surgery of the knee. Clinics in orthopedic surgery, 4(2), 103–106. https://doi.org/10.4055/cios.2012.4.2.103.
[9] Gokeler, A., Benjaminse, A., Hewett, T. E., Lephart, S. M., Engebretsen, L., Ageberg, E., Engelhardt, M., Arnold, M. P., Postema, K., Otten, E., & Dijkstra, P. U. (2012). Proprioceptive deficits after ACL injury: are they clinically relevant. British journal of sports medicine, 46(3), 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.082578
[10] Godinho, P., Nicoliche, E., Cossich, V., de Sousa, E. B., Velasques, B., & Salles, J. I. (2014). Proprioceptive deficit in patients with complete tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament. Revista brasileira de ortopedia, 49(6), 613–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rboe.2014.10.007.
[11] Alkjær T, Henriksen M, Simonsen EB. Different knee joint loading patterns in ACL deficient copers and non-copers during walking. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2011 Apr 1; 19(4):615-21.
[12] Murphy M, Hides J, Russell T. A digital photographic technique for knee range of motion measurement: Performance in a total knee arthroplasty clinical population. Open Journal of Orthopedics, 2013, 3, 4-9.
[13] Fouladi R, Nasseri N, Rajabi R, Geranmayeh M. Joint position sense of the knee in healthy female athletes across the menstrual cycle. Koomesh. 2010; 12(1).
[14] Zhang, L., Qi, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, S., Fu, S., Zhou, X., Ping, R., & Li, Y. (2018). Proprioceptive Changes in Bilateral Knee Joints Following Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 24, 105–113. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.905160.
[15] Relph, N., Herrington, L., & Tyson, S. (2014). The effects of ACL injury on knee proprioception: a meta-analysis. Physiotherapy, 100(3), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2013.11.002.
[16] Georgoulis AD, Ristanis S, Moraiti CO, Paschos N, Zampeli F, Xergia S, et al. ACL injury and reconstruction: Clinical related in vivo biomechanics. Revue de ChirurgieOrthopedique et Traumatologique. 2010 Dec 1; 96[8]:S339-48.
[17] Bonsfills, N., Gómez-Barrena, E., Raygoza, J. J., &Núñez, A. (2008). Loss of neuromuscular control related to motion in the acutely ACL-injured knee: an experimental study. European journal of applied physiology, 104(3), 567–577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0729-3.
[18] Collins, D. F., Refshauge, K. M., &Gandevia, S. C. (2000). Sensory integration in the perception of movements at the human metacarpophalangeal joint. The Journal of physiology, 529 Pt 2(Pt 2), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00505.x.
[19] Collins, D. F., Refshauge, K. M., & Gandevia, S. C. (2000). Sensory integration in the perception of movements at the human metacarpophalangeal joint. The Journal of physiology, 529 Pt 2(Pt 2), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00505.x
[20] Zhang, L., Qi, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, S., Fu, S., Zhou, X., Ping, R., & Li, Y. (2018). Proprioceptive Changes in Bilateral Knee Joints Following Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 24, 105–113. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.905160.
[21] Relph, N., Herrington, L., & Tyson, S. (2014). The effects of ACL injury on knee proprioception: a meta-analysis. Physiotherapy, 100(3), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2013.11.002.
[22] Good, L., Roos, H., Gottlieb, D. J., Renström, P. A., & Beynnon, B. D. (1999). Joint position sense is not changed after acute disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica, 70(2), 194–198. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679909011261.
[23] Soltani N, Rahimi A, Naimi S S, Khademi K, Saeidi H. An investigation into the vertical ground reaction force status in the coper and non-coper ACL-deficient knee subjects during walking on level ground. mrj. 2014; 8 (4):37-45 http://mrj.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5172-en.html.
[24] Pap, G., Machner, A., Nebelung, W., & Awiszus, F. (1999). Detailed analysis of proprioception in normal and ACL-deficient knees. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 81(5), 764–768. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.81b5.9352
[25] Dhillon, M. S., Bali, K., & Prabhakar, S. (2011). Proprioception in anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees and its relevance in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Indian journal of orthopaedics, 45(4), 294–300. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.80320.
[2] Kennedy, J. C., Alexander, I. J., & Hayes, K. C. (1982). Nerve supply of the human knee and its functional importance. The American journal of sports medicine, 10(6), 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658201000601.
[3] Çabuk H, Kuşku Çabuk F. Mechanoreceptors of the ligaments and tendons around the knee. Clinical Anatomy. 2016 Sep; 29(6):789-95.
[4] Kennedy, J. C., Weinberg, H. W., & Wilson, A. S. (1974). The anatomy and function of the anterior cruciate ligament. As determined by clinical and morphological studies. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 56(2), 223–235.
[5] Shen, M., Che, S., Ye, D., Li, Y., Lin, F., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Effects of backward walking on knee proprioception after ACL reconstruction. Physiotherapy theory and practice, 1–8. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2019.1681040.
[6] Tsuda, E., Okamura, Y., Otsuka, H., Komatsu, T., & Tokuya, S. (2001). Direct evidence of the anterior cruciate ligament-hamstring reflex arc in humans. The American journal of sports medicine, 29(1), 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465010290011801.
[7] di Laura Frattura, G., Zaffagnini, S., Filardo, G., Romandini, I., Fusco, A., & Candrian, C. (2019). Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: Effects on Proprioception. A Systematic Review and Best Evidence Synthesis. The Journal of arthroplasty, 34(11), 2815–2822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2019.06.0057.
[8] Jung Y. B. (2012). Recent evolution of cruciate ligament surgery of the knee. Clinics in orthopedic surgery, 4(2), 103–106. https://doi.org/10.4055/cios.2012.4.2.103.
[9] Gokeler, A., Benjaminse, A., Hewett, T. E., Lephart, S. M., Engebretsen, L., Ageberg, E., Engelhardt, M., Arnold, M. P., Postema, K., Otten, E., & Dijkstra, P. U. (2012). Proprioceptive deficits after ACL injury: are they clinically relevant. British journal of sports medicine, 46(3), 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.082578
[10] Godinho, P., Nicoliche, E., Cossich, V., de Sousa, E. B., Velasques, B., & Salles, J. I. (2014). Proprioceptive deficit in patients with complete tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament. Revista brasileira de ortopedia, 49(6), 613–618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rboe.2014.10.007.
[11] Alkjær T, Henriksen M, Simonsen EB. Different knee joint loading patterns in ACL deficient copers and non-copers during walking. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2011 Apr 1; 19(4):615-21.
[12] Murphy M, Hides J, Russell T. A digital photographic technique for knee range of motion measurement: Performance in a total knee arthroplasty clinical population. Open Journal of Orthopedics, 2013, 3, 4-9.
[13] Fouladi R, Nasseri N, Rajabi R, Geranmayeh M. Joint position sense of the knee in healthy female athletes across the menstrual cycle. Koomesh. 2010; 12(1).
[14] Zhang, L., Qi, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, S., Fu, S., Zhou, X., Ping, R., & Li, Y. (2018). Proprioceptive Changes in Bilateral Knee Joints Following Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 24, 105–113. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.905160.
[15] Relph, N., Herrington, L., & Tyson, S. (2014). The effects of ACL injury on knee proprioception: a meta-analysis. Physiotherapy, 100(3), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2013.11.002.
[16] Georgoulis AD, Ristanis S, Moraiti CO, Paschos N, Zampeli F, Xergia S, et al. ACL injury and reconstruction: Clinical related in vivo biomechanics. Revue de ChirurgieOrthopedique et Traumatologique. 2010 Dec 1; 96[8]:S339-48.
[17] Bonsfills, N., Gómez-Barrena, E., Raygoza, J. J., &Núñez, A. (2008). Loss of neuromuscular control related to motion in the acutely ACL-injured knee: an experimental study. European journal of applied physiology, 104(3), 567–577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0729-3.
[18] Collins, D. F., Refshauge, K. M., &Gandevia, S. C. (2000). Sensory integration in the perception of movements at the human metacarpophalangeal joint. The Journal of physiology, 529 Pt 2(Pt 2), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00505.x.
[19] Collins, D. F., Refshauge, K. M., & Gandevia, S. C. (2000). Sensory integration in the perception of movements at the human metacarpophalangeal joint. The Journal of physiology, 529 Pt 2(Pt 2), 505–515. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00505.x
[20] Zhang, L., Qi, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, S., Fu, S., Zhou, X., Ping, R., & Li, Y. (2018). Proprioceptive Changes in Bilateral Knee Joints Following Unilateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 24, 105–113. https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.905160.
[21] Relph, N., Herrington, L., & Tyson, S. (2014). The effects of ACL injury on knee proprioception: a meta-analysis. Physiotherapy, 100(3), 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2013.11.002.
[22] Good, L., Roos, H., Gottlieb, D. J., Renström, P. A., & Beynnon, B. D. (1999). Joint position sense is not changed after acute disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament. Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica, 70(2), 194–198. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679909011261.
[23] Soltani N, Rahimi A, Naimi S S, Khademi K, Saeidi H. An investigation into the vertical ground reaction force status in the coper and non-coper ACL-deficient knee subjects during walking on level ground. mrj. 2014; 8 (4):37-45 http://mrj.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5172-en.html.
[24] Pap, G., Machner, A., Nebelung, W., & Awiszus, F. (1999). Detailed analysis of proprioception in normal and ACL-deficient knees. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 81(5), 764–768. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.81b5.9352
[25] Dhillon, M. S., Bali, K., & Prabhakar, S. (2011). Proprioception in anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees and its relevance in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Indian journal of orthopaedics, 45(4), 294–300. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5413.80320.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 2 (2023) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v17i2.12412 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Proprioception Anterior cruciate ligament Athletes | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Naghizad J, Emami Meibodi MK, Dalvand H, Shamsoddini A. Comparison of Knee Proprioception between Athletes with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Healthy Athletes. jmr. 2023;17(2):142-148.
