Preparatory Brain Activity and Anticipatory Postural Control in Cervical Myofascial Trigger Point
-
Marzieh Yassin
,
Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani
,
Saeed Talebian
,
Nader Maroufi
,
Javad Sarrafzadeh
,
Amir Ahmadi
,
Zahra Ebrahimi
Abstract
Introduction: Neck pain is a highly prevalent disorder in developed countries. A myofascial trigger point (MTrP) is distinguished under the name of the fundamental excessive menstruation for it and certain reason for musculoskeletal dysfunction. MTrP refers to a sensitive spot in a taut band whose stretch and compression can induce pain. Modifications in the motor cortex, sensory input, irritability, and integration are the adaptive mechanisms to pain. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the preparatory brain activity and anticipatory postural control in chronic neck pain.
Materials and Methods: The study participants included 25 women with an active MTrP in the upper trapezius muscle and 25 healthy women in the control group. We recorded the brain activities from Cz, Pz, and Fz regions and muscle activities of both sides of the upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, cervical and lumbar paraspinal, sternocleidomastoid, and medial head of the gastrocnemius. The participants had to flex their arms in reply to the second sound stimulus, followed by the first sound. Then, their reaction time and brain activity were evaluated.
Results: Significant differences between the two groups were detected in brain activities’ measurements and the onset of muscle activation (P<0.001). The exception was the onset of gastrocnemius muscle activation (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The current study suggests that active MTrP induces latency and lengthens the muscle reaction time; thus, the production of suitable motion after the stimulus will be affected. Brain alteration after pain damages movement changes and postural control mechanism.
1. Ghorbani F, Kamyab M, Azadinia F, Hajiaghaei B. Open-Design Collar vs. Conventional Philadelphia Collar Regarding User Satisfaction and Cervical Range of Motion in Asymptomatic Adults
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2016;95(4):291-9.
2. Côté P, Velde Gvd, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, Holm LW, et al. The burden and determinants of neck pain in workers: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders Spine. 2008;33(4):60-74.
3. Simons DG. Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. 2004;14(1):95-107.
4. Bohlooli N, Ahmadi A, Maroufi N, Sarrafzadeh J, Jaberzadeh S. Differential activation of scapular muscles,during arm elevation, with and without trigger points. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. 2015;In Press:1-9.
5. Yassin M, Talebian S, Ebrahimi Takamjani I, Maroufi N, Ahmadi A, Sarrafzadeh J, et al. Arm Flexion Influence on Muscle Reaction Time in Females with Active Myofascial Trigger Point British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 2015;11(1):1-9.
6. Sahrmann S. Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. : Mosby; 2002.
7. Langevin H, Sherman K. Pathophysiologicalmodel for chronic low back pain integrating connective tissue and nervous system mechanisms. Medical Hypotheses. 2007;68:74-80.
8. Hamill J, van Emmerik RE, Heiderscheit BC, Li L. A dynamical systems approach to lower extremity running injuries. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 1999;14(5):297-308.
9. Tsao H, Galea M, Hodges P. Reorganization of the motor cortex is associated with postural control deficits in recurrent low back pain. Brain. 2008;131:2161-71.
10. Jacobs JV, Henry SM, Nagle KJ. Low back pain associates with altered activity of the cerebral cortex prior to arm movements that require postural adjustment. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2010;121(3):431-40.
11. Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Altered trunk muscle recruitment in people with low back pain with upper limb movement at different speeds. The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1999;80(9):1005-12.
12. Jacobs JV, Henry SM, Nagle KJ. People with chronic low back pain exhibit decreased variability in the timing of their anticipatory postural adjustments. Behavioral Neuroscience. 2009;123(2):455-8.
13. Rizzo PA, Pierelli F, Pozzessere G, Fattapposta F, Sanarelli L, Morocutti C. Pain, anxiety, and contingent negative variation: a clinical and pharmacological study. Biological Psychiatry. 1985;20(12):1297-302.
14. Johnson KL, Zaback M, Tokuno CD, Carpenter MG, Adkin AL. Exploring the relationship between threat-related changes in anxiety, attention focus, and postural control. Psychological Research. 2017:1-14.
15. Fujiwara K, Maeda K, Toyama H. Influences of illusionary position perception on anticipatory postural control associated with arm flexion. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. 2003;13(6):509-17.
16. Gurfinkel VS, El’ner AM. Participation of the secondarymotor area of the frontal lobe of the brain in organizing postural components of human voluntary movement. Neirofiziologiia. 1988;20(1):7-15.
17. Gurfinkel VS, Lipshits MI, Lestienne FG. Anticipatory neck muscle activity associated with rapid arm movements. Neuroscience Letters. 1988;94(1-2):104-8.
18. Bouisset S, Zattara M. Anticipatory postural adjustments and dynamic asymmetry of volunttary movement. New York: Plenum Press; 1988.
19. Maeda K, Fujiwara K. Effects of preparatory period on anticipatory postural control and contingent negative variation associated with rapid arm movement in standing posture. Gait Posture. 2007;25(1):78-85.
20. Fujiwara K, Tomita H, Maeda K, Kunita K. Effects of neck flexion on contingent negative variation and anticipatory postural control during arm movement while standing. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. 2009;19(1):113-21.
21. Tomita H, Fujiwara K, Mori E, Sakurai A. Effects of anticipation certainty on preparatory brain activity and anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary unilateral arm movement while standing. Human Movement Science . 2012;31(3):578-91.
22. Shen X, Fujiwara K, Tomita H. Anticipatory postural control associated with bilateral arm flexion and event related potential in a Kanji Stroop-like task. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2009;120:827-33.
23. Fujiwara K, Maekawa M, Kiyota N, Yaguchi C. Adaptation changes in dynamic postural control and contingent negative variation during backward disturbance by transient floor translation in the elderly. Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2012;31:12.
24. Massion J. Posture and equilibrium: interaction and coordination. Progress in Neurobiology. 1992;38:35-56.
25. Sadato N, Yonekura Y, Waki A, Yamada H, Ishii Y. Role of the supplementary motor area and the right premotor cortex in the coordination of bimanual finger movements. Journal of Neuroscience. 1997;17(24):9667-74.
26. Groenewegen HJ. The basal ganglia and motor control. Neural Plasticity. 2003;10(1-2):107-20.
27. Wadsworth D, Bullock-Saxton J. Recruitment patterns of the scapular rotator muscles in freestyle swimmers with subacromial impingement. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1997;18:618-24.
28. Golob EJ, Ovasapyan V, Starr A. Event-related potentials accompanying motor preparation and stimulus expectancy in the young, young-old and oldest-old. Neurobiology of Aging. 2005;26:531-42.
29. Walter WG, Cooper R, Aldridge VJ, McCallum WC, Winter AL. Contingent negative variation: an electric sign of sensorimotor association and expectancy in the human brain. Nature. 1964;203:380-4.
30. Leuthold H, Jentzsch I. Planning of rapid aiming move- ments and the contingent negative variation: are movement duration and extent specified independently? Psychophysiology. 2009;46:539-50.
31. Sarrafzadeh J, Ahmadi A, Yassin M. The Effects of Pressure Release, Phonophoresis of Hydrocortisone, and Ultrasound on Upper Trapezius Latent Myofascial Trigger Point. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.93(1):72-7.
32. Fernandez de las Penas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Fernandez J, Miangolarra JC. The immediate effect of ischemic compression technique and transverse friction massage on tenderness of active and latent myofascial trigger points: A pilot study Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2006;10(1):3-9.
33. Malone A, Meldrum D, Gleeson J, Bolger C. Reliability of surface electromyography timing parameters in gait in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. 2011;21(6):1004-10.
34. Siniatchkin M, Gerber WD, Kropp P, Vein A. Contingent negative variation in patients with chronic daily headache. Cephalalgia. 1998;18(8):565-9; discussion 31.
35. Hodges PW, Bui BH. A comparison of computer-based methods for the determination of onset of muscle contraction using electromyography Electroencephalogr Clinical Neurophysiology 1996;101(6).
36. Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Declercq GA, Danneels LA, Cambier DC. Scapular muscle recruitment patterns: trapezius muscle latency with and without impingement symptoms. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003;31(4):542-9.
37. Sadeghi M, Talebian S, Olyaei GR, Attarbashi Moghadam B. Preparatory brain activity and anticipatory postural adjustments accompanied by externally cued weighted-rapid arm rise task in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and healthy subjects. Springerplus. 2016;6:674.
38. Van Dieën JH, Kingma I. Spine function and low back pain: interactions of active and passive structures. In: Hodges PW, Cholewicki J, Van Dieën JH, editors. Spinal control: the rehabilitation of back pain: state of the art and science. London: Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier; 2013. p. 41-52.
39. Wand BM, Parkitny L, O’Connell NE, Luomajoki H, McAuley JH, Thacker M, et al. Cortical changes in chronic low back pain: current state of the art and implications for clinical practice. Manual Therapy. 2011;16(1):15-20.
40. Yassin M, Talebian S, Takamjani IE, Maroufi N, Ahmadi A, Sarrafzadeh J, et al. The effects of arm movement on reaction time in patients with latent and active upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI). 2015;29.
41. Takamjani EE, Yassin M, Talebian S, Maroufi N, Srrafzadeh J, Ahmadi A. Muscles Recruitment Pattern in People with and Without Active Upper Trapezius Myofascial Trigger Points in the Standing Posture. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies. 2018;5(4).
42. Teodoro T, Koreki A, Meppelink AM, Little S, Nielsen G, Macerollo A, et al. Contingent negative variation: a biomarker of abnormal attention in functional movement disorders. Neurology. 2020;27:985–94.
43. Michalewski HJ, Thompson LW, Smith DB, Patterson JV, Bowman TE, Litzelman D, et al. Age differences in the contingent negative variation (CNV): reduced frontal activity in the elderly. Journal of Gerontology. 1980;35:542-9.
44. Okada Y, Fukumoto T, Takatori K, Nagino K, Hiraoka K. Abnormalities of the first three steps of gait initiation in patients with Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait. Parkinson's disease. 2011:1-8.
45. Pfeuty M, Ragot R, Pouthas V. Brain activity during interval timing depends on sensory structure. Brain Research. 2008;1204:112-7.
46. Bares M, Nestrasil I, Rektor I. The effect of response type (motor output versus mental counting) on the intracerebral distribution of the slow cortical potentials in an externally cued (CNV) paradigm. The Brain Research Bulletin 2007;71:428-35.
47. Ayres A. Sensory Integration and Learning Disabilities. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services; 1972.
48. Fazli F, Farahmand B, Azadinia F, Amiri A. A preliminary study: The effect of ergonomic latex pillow on pain and disability in patients with cervical spondylosis The Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI) 2018;32(81).
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 2016;95(4):291-9.
2. Côté P, Velde Gvd, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, Holm LW, et al. The burden and determinants of neck pain in workers: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders Spine. 2008;33(4):60-74.
3. Simons DG. Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of enigmatic musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. 2004;14(1):95-107.
4. Bohlooli N, Ahmadi A, Maroufi N, Sarrafzadeh J, Jaberzadeh S. Differential activation of scapular muscles,during arm elevation, with and without trigger points. Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies. 2015;In Press:1-9.
5. Yassin M, Talebian S, Ebrahimi Takamjani I, Maroufi N, Ahmadi A, Sarrafzadeh J, et al. Arm Flexion Influence on Muscle Reaction Time in Females with Active Myofascial Trigger Point British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 2015;11(1):1-9.
6. Sahrmann S. Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. : Mosby; 2002.
7. Langevin H, Sherman K. Pathophysiologicalmodel for chronic low back pain integrating connective tissue and nervous system mechanisms. Medical Hypotheses. 2007;68:74-80.
8. Hamill J, van Emmerik RE, Heiderscheit BC, Li L. A dynamical systems approach to lower extremity running injuries. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 1999;14(5):297-308.
9. Tsao H, Galea M, Hodges P. Reorganization of the motor cortex is associated with postural control deficits in recurrent low back pain. Brain. 2008;131:2161-71.
10. Jacobs JV, Henry SM, Nagle KJ. Low back pain associates with altered activity of the cerebral cortex prior to arm movements that require postural adjustment. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2010;121(3):431-40.
11. Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Altered trunk muscle recruitment in people with low back pain with upper limb movement at different speeds. The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1999;80(9):1005-12.
12. Jacobs JV, Henry SM, Nagle KJ. People with chronic low back pain exhibit decreased variability in the timing of their anticipatory postural adjustments. Behavioral Neuroscience. 2009;123(2):455-8.
13. Rizzo PA, Pierelli F, Pozzessere G, Fattapposta F, Sanarelli L, Morocutti C. Pain, anxiety, and contingent negative variation: a clinical and pharmacological study. Biological Psychiatry. 1985;20(12):1297-302.
14. Johnson KL, Zaback M, Tokuno CD, Carpenter MG, Adkin AL. Exploring the relationship between threat-related changes in anxiety, attention focus, and postural control. Psychological Research. 2017:1-14.
15. Fujiwara K, Maeda K, Toyama H. Influences of illusionary position perception on anticipatory postural control associated with arm flexion. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. 2003;13(6):509-17.
16. Gurfinkel VS, El’ner AM. Participation of the secondarymotor area of the frontal lobe of the brain in organizing postural components of human voluntary movement. Neirofiziologiia. 1988;20(1):7-15.
17. Gurfinkel VS, Lipshits MI, Lestienne FG. Anticipatory neck muscle activity associated with rapid arm movements. Neuroscience Letters. 1988;94(1-2):104-8.
18. Bouisset S, Zattara M. Anticipatory postural adjustments and dynamic asymmetry of volunttary movement. New York: Plenum Press; 1988.
19. Maeda K, Fujiwara K. Effects of preparatory period on anticipatory postural control and contingent negative variation associated with rapid arm movement in standing posture. Gait Posture. 2007;25(1):78-85.
20. Fujiwara K, Tomita H, Maeda K, Kunita K. Effects of neck flexion on contingent negative variation and anticipatory postural control during arm movement while standing. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. 2009;19(1):113-21.
21. Tomita H, Fujiwara K, Mori E, Sakurai A. Effects of anticipation certainty on preparatory brain activity and anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary unilateral arm movement while standing. Human Movement Science . 2012;31(3):578-91.
22. Shen X, Fujiwara K, Tomita H. Anticipatory postural control associated with bilateral arm flexion and event related potential in a Kanji Stroop-like task. Clinical Neurophysiology. 2009;120:827-33.
23. Fujiwara K, Maekawa M, Kiyota N, Yaguchi C. Adaptation changes in dynamic postural control and contingent negative variation during backward disturbance by transient floor translation in the elderly. Journal of Physiological Anthropology. 2012;31:12.
24. Massion J. Posture and equilibrium: interaction and coordination. Progress in Neurobiology. 1992;38:35-56.
25. Sadato N, Yonekura Y, Waki A, Yamada H, Ishii Y. Role of the supplementary motor area and the right premotor cortex in the coordination of bimanual finger movements. Journal of Neuroscience. 1997;17(24):9667-74.
26. Groenewegen HJ. The basal ganglia and motor control. Neural Plasticity. 2003;10(1-2):107-20.
27. Wadsworth D, Bullock-Saxton J. Recruitment patterns of the scapular rotator muscles in freestyle swimmers with subacromial impingement. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 1997;18:618-24.
28. Golob EJ, Ovasapyan V, Starr A. Event-related potentials accompanying motor preparation and stimulus expectancy in the young, young-old and oldest-old. Neurobiology of Aging. 2005;26:531-42.
29. Walter WG, Cooper R, Aldridge VJ, McCallum WC, Winter AL. Contingent negative variation: an electric sign of sensorimotor association and expectancy in the human brain. Nature. 1964;203:380-4.
30. Leuthold H, Jentzsch I. Planning of rapid aiming move- ments and the contingent negative variation: are movement duration and extent specified independently? Psychophysiology. 2009;46:539-50.
31. Sarrafzadeh J, Ahmadi A, Yassin M. The Effects of Pressure Release, Phonophoresis of Hydrocortisone, and Ultrasound on Upper Trapezius Latent Myofascial Trigger Point. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.93(1):72-7.
32. Fernandez de las Penas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Fernandez J, Miangolarra JC. The immediate effect of ischemic compression technique and transverse friction massage on tenderness of active and latent myofascial trigger points: A pilot study Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2006;10(1):3-9.
33. Malone A, Meldrum D, Gleeson J, Bolger C. Reliability of surface electromyography timing parameters in gait in cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology. 2011;21(6):1004-10.
34. Siniatchkin M, Gerber WD, Kropp P, Vein A. Contingent negative variation in patients with chronic daily headache. Cephalalgia. 1998;18(8):565-9; discussion 31.
35. Hodges PW, Bui BH. A comparison of computer-based methods for the determination of onset of muscle contraction using electromyography Electroencephalogr Clinical Neurophysiology 1996;101(6).
36. Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Declercq GA, Danneels LA, Cambier DC. Scapular muscle recruitment patterns: trapezius muscle latency with and without impingement symptoms. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003;31(4):542-9.
37. Sadeghi M, Talebian S, Olyaei GR, Attarbashi Moghadam B. Preparatory brain activity and anticipatory postural adjustments accompanied by externally cued weighted-rapid arm rise task in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and healthy subjects. Springerplus. 2016;6:674.
38. Van Dieën JH, Kingma I. Spine function and low back pain: interactions of active and passive structures. In: Hodges PW, Cholewicki J, Van Dieën JH, editors. Spinal control: the rehabilitation of back pain: state of the art and science. London: Churchill Livingstone-Elsevier; 2013. p. 41-52.
39. Wand BM, Parkitny L, O’Connell NE, Luomajoki H, McAuley JH, Thacker M, et al. Cortical changes in chronic low back pain: current state of the art and implications for clinical practice. Manual Therapy. 2011;16(1):15-20.
40. Yassin M, Talebian S, Takamjani IE, Maroufi N, Ahmadi A, Sarrafzadeh J, et al. The effects of arm movement on reaction time in patients with latent and active upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI). 2015;29.
41. Takamjani EE, Yassin M, Talebian S, Maroufi N, Srrafzadeh J, Ahmadi A. Muscles Recruitment Pattern in People with and Without Active Upper Trapezius Myofascial Trigger Points in the Standing Posture. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health Studies. 2018;5(4).
42. Teodoro T, Koreki A, Meppelink AM, Little S, Nielsen G, Macerollo A, et al. Contingent negative variation: a biomarker of abnormal attention in functional movement disorders. Neurology. 2020;27:985–94.
43. Michalewski HJ, Thompson LW, Smith DB, Patterson JV, Bowman TE, Litzelman D, et al. Age differences in the contingent negative variation (CNV): reduced frontal activity in the elderly. Journal of Gerontology. 1980;35:542-9.
44. Okada Y, Fukumoto T, Takatori K, Nagino K, Hiraoka K. Abnormalities of the first three steps of gait initiation in patients with Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait. Parkinson's disease. 2011:1-8.
45. Pfeuty M, Ragot R, Pouthas V. Brain activity during interval timing depends on sensory structure. Brain Research. 2008;1204:112-7.
46. Bares M, Nestrasil I, Rektor I. The effect of response type (motor output versus mental counting) on the intracerebral distribution of the slow cortical potentials in an externally cued (CNV) paradigm. The Brain Research Bulletin 2007;71:428-35.
47. Ayres A. Sensory Integration and Learning Disabilities. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services; 1972.
48. Fazli F, Farahmand B, Azadinia F, Amiri A. A preliminary study: The effect of ergonomic latex pillow on pain and disability in patients with cervical spondylosis The Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (MJIRI) 2018;32(81).
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 16 No 3 (2022) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i3.10150 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Chronic neck pain Myofascial trigger point Surface electromyography Contingent negative variation | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Yassin M, Takamjani IE, Talebian S, Maroufi N, Sarrafzadeh J, Ahmadi A, Ebrahimi Z. Preparatory Brain Activity and Anticipatory Postural Control in Cervical Myofascial Trigger Point. jmr. 2022;16(3):261-270.
