Evaluation of Trunk Muscle Activation during the Two Directions of Flexi-Bar Exercise in People with and without Low Back Pain
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Abstract
Introduction: The flexible-bar with a small amplitude of 5 Hz, which transmits vibrations to the trunk, enables the activation of the core muscles that can be used to rehabilitate subjects with low back pain. Two types of exercise direction that can affect trunk muscles of low back pain subjects similar control group are not known. This study aimed to evaluate and compare exercises with two directions of the oscillating flexible poles in people with and without low back pain (LBP).
Materials and Methods: Twelve women with Mean±SD age of 28.75±2.92 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 22.31±2.10 kg/m2 and a history of low back pain, and 12 healthy subjects with Mean±SD age of 28.75±2.49 years and BMI of 21.59±1.50 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in this study. The electromyography (EMG) signals of trunk muscles were measured during two handheld oscillating flexible bars in two directions. The root means square (RMS) of signals for each muscle is normalized by the maximum RMS.
Results: The results of comparing two types of exercise in two groups showed significant differences for left external oblique (P=0.017), right external internal oblique (0.002), and left internal oblique (0.008). Also, the difference in the interaction between group×exercise was significant only for left internal oblique (P=0.026).
Conclusion: Muscle activity in the low back pain group appears different while performing exercises with a flexible-bar compared to the control group. This confirms motor control impairment in these populations and having different strategies for trunk co-activation during exercise.
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[10].Lee DK, Han JW. Effects of active vibration exercise using a Flexi-Bar on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2018;30(6):832-4.[DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.832] [ PMID: 29950774 ].
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[13].Hallal CZ, Marques NR, Silva SRD, Dieën JV, Gonçalves M. Electromyographic activity of shoulder muscles during exercises performed with oscillatory and non-oscillatory poles.Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy.2011;15:89-94.[DOI.: 10.1590/S1413-35552011000200002].
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[15].Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, . Muscles, Testing and Function: With Posture and Pain. 4 th ed. th, editor. Baltimore: williams & wilkins; 1993.
[16].Jae-Heon L. Effects of Flexible Pole Training Combined with Lumbar Stabilization on Trunk Muscles Activation in Healthy Adults.The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy2018;30(1):1-7.[ DOI:10.18857/jkpt.2018.30.1.1].
[17].Coenen P, Campbell A, Kemp-Smith K, O'Sullivan P, Straker L. Abdominal bracing during lifting alters trunk muscle activity and body kinematics.AppliedErgonomics. 2017;63:91-8.[DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.04.009] [PMID: 28502411].
[18].Lim J-H. Effects of Flexible Pole Training Combined with Lumbar Stabilization on Trunk Muscles Activation in Healthy Adults. The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2018;30(1):1-7.[DOI:10.18857/jkpt.2018.30.1.1]
[19].Nasrin F, Behnaz Gangi N, Yahya S. Comparing the Effect of Core Stability Exercises and Electrotherapy on Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain in Mother Assistants Working in Mentally or Physical Retarded Children Wards.Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2017;11(1).[DOI:10.18869/nirp.jmr.11.1.63].
[20].Cho J, Lee K, Kim M, Hahn J, Lee W. The Effects of Double Oscillation Exercise Combined with Elastic Band Exercise on Scapular Stabilizing Muscle Strength and Thickness in Healthy Young Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.2018;17(1):7-16.[PMID: 29535573][ PMCID: PMC5844195].
[21].Martinez Martins L, Marques N, Soares Ruzene J, Kazue Morita Â, Marcelo TavellaNavega. Electromyographic activity and cocontraction of trunk muscles during exercises performed with an oscillatory pole: an analysis of the effect of different postures. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa. 2015;22:119-25.[DOI:10.590/1809-2950/12976422022015].
[22].Moreside JM, Vera-Garcia FJ, McGill SM. Trunk muscle activation patterns, lumbar compressive forces, and spine stability when using the bodyblade. Physical Therapy2007;87(2):153-63.[ DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20060019] [PMID: 17244696].
[23].Sanchez-Zuriaga D, Vera-Garcia FJ, Moreside JM, McGill SM. Trunk muscle activation patterns and spine kinematics when using an oscillating blade: influence of different postures and blade orientations. The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitationil.2009;90(6):1055-60.[DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.12.015] [PMID: 19480884].
[24].Suehiro T, Ishida H, Kobara K, Osaka H, Watanabe S. Altered trunk muscle recruitment patterns during lifting in individuals in remission from recurrent low back pain.J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2018;39:128-33.[DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.02.008] [PMID: 29486424].
[2].Balague F, Mannion AF, Pellise F, Cedraschi C. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet (London, England). 2012;379(9814):482-91.[DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60610-7] [ PMID: 21982256 ].
[3].Gringmuth RH, Jackson C. Therapeutic Exercise For Spinal Segmental Stabilization in Low Back Pain: Scientific Basis and Clinical Approach.Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic .Association.2000;44(2):125.[Doi.org/10.1179/108331900786166597] [PMCID: PMC2485503].
[4].Anders C, Wenzel B, Scholle HC. Activation characteristics of trunk muscles during cyclic upper-body perturbations caused by an oscillating pole.Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2008;89(7):1314-22.[ DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.047] [PMID: 18586133 ].
[5].Chung SH, You YY, Lee HJ, Sim SH. Effects of stabilization exercise using flexi-bar on functional disability and transverse abdominis thickness in patients with chronic low back pain. The Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2018;30(3):400-4.[DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.400] [ PMID: 29581659 ] .
[6].Chung JS, Park S, Kim J, Park JW. Effects of flexi-bar and non-flexi-bar exercises on trunk muscles activity in different postures in healthy adults.The Journal of Physical Therapy Science2015;27(7):2275-8.[DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2275] [PMID: PMC4540862 ].
[7].Goncalves M, Marques NR, Hallal CZ, van Dieen JH. Electromyographic activity of trunk muscles during exercises with flexible and non-flexible poles. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.2011;24(4):209-14.[DOI: 10.3233/BMR-2011-0297] [PMID: 22142709].
[8].Van Middelkoop M, Rubinstein SM, Verhagen AP, Ostelo RW, Koes BW, van Tulder MW. Exercise therapy for chronic nonspecific low-back pain. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology.2010;24(2):193-204.[DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2010.01.002] [PMID: 20227641].
[9].Rainville J, Hartigan C, Martinez E, Limke J, Jouve C, Finno M. Exercise as a treatment for chronic low back pain. The spine journal.2004;4(1):106-15.[DOI: 10.1016/s1529-9430(03)00174-8].
[10].Lee DK, Han JW. Effects of active vibration exercise using a Flexi-Bar on balance and gait in patients with chronic stroke. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2018;30(6):832-4.[DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.832] [ PMID: 29950774 ].
[11].Deyo RA, Dworkin SF, Amtmann D, Andersson G, Borenstein D, Carragee E, et al. Report of the NIH Task Force on research standards for chronic low back pain. The Journal of Pain2014;15(6):569-85. DOI: [10.1016/j.jpain.2014.03.005] [ PMID: 25639530].
[12].Marras WS, Ferguson SA, Burr D, Schabo P, Maronitis A. Low back pain recurrence in occupational environmment, Spine,2007;32(21):238-97[DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181557be9] [ PMID: 17906584].
[13].Hallal CZ, Marques NR, Silva SRD, Dieën JV, Gonçalves M. Electromyographic activity of shoulder muscles during exercises performed with oscillatory and non-oscillatory poles.Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy.2011;15:89-94.[DOI.: 10.1590/S1413-35552011000200002].
[14].Hermens HJ, Freriks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, Rau G. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures.Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2000;10(5):361-74.[ DOI: 10.1016/s1050-6411(00)00027-4] [ PMID: 11018445].
[15].Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, . Muscles, Testing and Function: With Posture and Pain. 4 th ed. th, editor. Baltimore: williams & wilkins; 1993.
[16].Jae-Heon L. Effects of Flexible Pole Training Combined with Lumbar Stabilization on Trunk Muscles Activation in Healthy Adults.The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy2018;30(1):1-7.[ DOI:10.18857/jkpt.2018.30.1.1].
[17].Coenen P, Campbell A, Kemp-Smith K, O'Sullivan P, Straker L. Abdominal bracing during lifting alters trunk muscle activity and body kinematics.AppliedErgonomics. 2017;63:91-8.[DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2017.04.009] [PMID: 28502411].
[18].Lim J-H. Effects of Flexible Pole Training Combined with Lumbar Stabilization on Trunk Muscles Activation in Healthy Adults. The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy.2018;30(1):1-7.[DOI:10.18857/jkpt.2018.30.1.1]
[19].Nasrin F, Behnaz Gangi N, Yahya S. Comparing the Effect of Core Stability Exercises and Electrotherapy on Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain in Mother Assistants Working in Mentally or Physical Retarded Children Wards.Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2017;11(1).[DOI:10.18869/nirp.jmr.11.1.63].
[20].Cho J, Lee K, Kim M, Hahn J, Lee W. The Effects of Double Oscillation Exercise Combined with Elastic Band Exercise on Scapular Stabilizing Muscle Strength and Thickness in Healthy Young Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.2018;17(1):7-16.[PMID: 29535573][ PMCID: PMC5844195].
[21].Martinez Martins L, Marques N, Soares Ruzene J, Kazue Morita Â, Marcelo TavellaNavega. Electromyographic activity and cocontraction of trunk muscles during exercises performed with an oscillatory pole: an analysis of the effect of different postures. Fisioterapia e Pesquisa. 2015;22:119-25.[DOI:10.590/1809-2950/12976422022015].
[22].Moreside JM, Vera-Garcia FJ, McGill SM. Trunk muscle activation patterns, lumbar compressive forces, and spine stability when using the bodyblade. Physical Therapy2007;87(2):153-63.[ DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20060019] [PMID: 17244696].
[23].Sanchez-Zuriaga D, Vera-Garcia FJ, Moreside JM, McGill SM. Trunk muscle activation patterns and spine kinematics when using an oscillating blade: influence of different postures and blade orientations. The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitationil.2009;90(6):1055-60.[DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2008.12.015] [PMID: 19480884].
[24].Suehiro T, Ishida H, Kobara K, Osaka H, Watanabe S. Altered trunk muscle recruitment patterns during lifting in individuals in remission from recurrent low back pain.J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2018;39:128-33.[DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.02.008] [PMID: 29486424].
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| Issue | Vol 16 No 4 (2022) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i4.10757 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Non-specific chronic low back pain Flexi-bar Trunk muscle activation Electromyography | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Herasi M, Kahrizi S, Hoviattalab M. Evaluation of Trunk Muscle Activation during the Two Directions of Flexi-Bar Exercise in People with and without Low Back Pain. jmr. 2022;16(4):304-311.
