Using Syllabic Speech Technique to Decline Stuttering in Severity Persian-speaking School-age Children With Stuttering
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Abstract
Introduction: Studies have shown that syllable speech technique (SST) can be a useful and practical way to achieve stutter-free speech for children with stuttering (CWS). In this preliminary study, the use of SST in Persian-speaking school-age CWS was investigated.
Materials and Methods: Ten 8- to 11-year-old students with stuttering were entered in the single-group pretest-posttest study as participants. Their speech fluency has been enhanced using SST accompanied by verbal encouragement for stutter-free speech. The percentage of stuttered syllables, stuttering severity, and communication attitude as outcome measures were evaluated in three time points: before the intervention (T0), after the intervention (T1), and one month after the intervention (T2).
Results: The children showed significantly better scores on all outcome measures at T1 (P≤0.004) and T2 (P≤0.005) compared with T0. There was no significant difference between T1 and T2 (P≥0.026).
Conclusion: The reported benefits of SST in stuttering reduction and speech-related anxiety-relieving of Persian-speaking school-age CWS confirms the feasibility and usefulness of this technique.
1. Guitar B. Stuttering: An integrated approach to its nature and treatment (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 2006.
2. Bloodstein O. A handbook on stuttering (5th ed.). San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group. 1996.
3. Mansson H. Childhood stuttering: Incidence and development. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2000; 25:47-57.
4. Bloodstein O. Incipient and developed stuttering as two distinct disorders: Resolving a dilemma. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2001; 35:67-73.
5. Kraaimaat FW, Vanryckeghem M, Van Dam-Baggen R. Stuttering and social anxiety. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2002; 27:319-31.
6. Messenger M, Onslow M, Packman A, Menzies R. Social anxiety in stuttering: Measuring negative social expectancies. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2004; 29:201-12.
7. Bonelli P, Dixon M, Bernstein Ratner N, Onslow M. Child and parent speech and language following the Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. 2000; 14:427-46.
8. Packman A, Onslow M, Richard F, van Doorn J. Syllabic stress and variability: A model of stuttering. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. 1996; 10:235-63.
9. Ham RE. Unison speech and rate control therapy. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 1988; 13:115-26.
10. Packman A, Code C, Onslow M. On the cause of stuttering: Integrating theory with brain and behavioral research. Journal of Neurolinguistics. 2007; 20:253-62.
11. Trajkovski N, Andrews C, O'Brian S, Onslow M, Packman A. Training stuttering in a preschool child with syllable timed speech: a case report. Behavior Change. 2006; 23(4):270-7.
12. Coppola V, Yairi E. Rhythmic speech training with preschool stuttering children: an experimental study. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 1982; 7:447-57.
13. Andrews C, O’Brian S, Harrison E, Onslow M, Packman A, Menzies R. Syllable-timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter: A phase I trial. Language Speech and Hearing Services in School. 2012; 43:359-69.
14. Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, Packman A, O'Brian S, Menzies R. Using syllable-timed speech to treat preschool children who stutter: A multiple baseline experiment. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2009; 34:1-10.
15. Andrews C, O’Brian S, Onslow M, Packman A, Menzies R, Lowe R. Phase II trial of a syllable-timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2016; 48:44-55.
16. Kazemi Y, Klee T, Stringer H. Diagnostic accuracy of language sample measures with Persian-speaking preschool children. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetic. 2015; 1-15.
17. Mohammad Ebrahimi Jahromi Z, Haghshenas AM. The structure of VP core in standard Persian. Journal of Letter and Language. 2004; 12:153-77.
18. Guitar B, McCauley RJ. Treatment of stuttering: Established and emerging approaches. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010.
19. Yairi E, Ambrose NG. Early childhood stuttering I: Persistency and recovery rates. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research. 1999; 42(5):1097-112.
20. Craig A, Hancock K, Chang E, McCready C, Shepley A, McCaul A, Costell D, Reilly K. A controlled clinical trial for stuttering in persons aged 9 to 14 years. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 1996; 39:808-26.
21. Koushik S, Shenker R, Onslow M. Follow-up of 6-10 year-old stuttering children after Lidcombe program treatment: a phase I trial. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2009; 34:279-90.
22. Bakhtiar M, Seifpanahi S, Ansari H, Ghanadzade M, Packman A. Investigation of the reliability of the SSI-3 for preschool Persian-speaking children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2010; 35(2):87-91.
23. Rezai H, Tahmasebi N, Zamani P, Haghighizadeh MH, Afshani M, Tahzibi F, Heydari A. Duration of Stuttered Syllables Measured by “Computerized Scoring of the Stuttering Severity (CSSS)” and “Pratt”. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2017; 15(2):79-86.
24. Hossein Zadeh N, Shahbodaghi MR, Jalaei S. Reliability and validity of Behavioral Checklist and Communication Attitude Test in stuttering children and comparison with non-stutters at 6-11 years old. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2010; 4(1):30-7.
25. Yadegari F, Daruei A, Farazi M. Communication Attitude Test (1sted.). Tehran: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Publications. 2004.
26. Kazdin AE. Acceptability of alternative treatments for deviant child behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1980; 13:259-73.
27. Bartko J. On various intra-class correlation reliability coefficient. Psychological Bulletin. 1976; 83(5):762-65.
28. Zamani P, Mousavi SM, Rezai H. A three-case study on the effectiveness of syllabic-timed method on treating stuttering in children with Down Syndrome. Jundishapur Scientific and Medical Journal. 2014; 13(5):513-20.
Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, O'Brian S, Packman A, Menzies R. A phase II trial of the Westmead Program: Syllable-timed speech treatment for pre-school children who stutter. International Journal of Speech Language Pathology. 2011; 13(6):500-09.
2. Bloodstein O. A handbook on stuttering (5th ed.). San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group. 1996.
3. Mansson H. Childhood stuttering: Incidence and development. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2000; 25:47-57.
4. Bloodstein O. Incipient and developed stuttering as two distinct disorders: Resolving a dilemma. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2001; 35:67-73.
5. Kraaimaat FW, Vanryckeghem M, Van Dam-Baggen R. Stuttering and social anxiety. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2002; 27:319-31.
6. Messenger M, Onslow M, Packman A, Menzies R. Social anxiety in stuttering: Measuring negative social expectancies. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2004; 29:201-12.
7. Bonelli P, Dixon M, Bernstein Ratner N, Onslow M. Child and parent speech and language following the Lidcombe programme of early stuttering intervention. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. 2000; 14:427-46.
8. Packman A, Onslow M, Richard F, van Doorn J. Syllabic stress and variability: A model of stuttering. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. 1996; 10:235-63.
9. Ham RE. Unison speech and rate control therapy. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 1988; 13:115-26.
10. Packman A, Code C, Onslow M. On the cause of stuttering: Integrating theory with brain and behavioral research. Journal of Neurolinguistics. 2007; 20:253-62.
11. Trajkovski N, Andrews C, O'Brian S, Onslow M, Packman A. Training stuttering in a preschool child with syllable timed speech: a case report. Behavior Change. 2006; 23(4):270-7.
12. Coppola V, Yairi E. Rhythmic speech training with preschool stuttering children: an experimental study. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 1982; 7:447-57.
13. Andrews C, O’Brian S, Harrison E, Onslow M, Packman A, Menzies R. Syllable-timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter: A phase I trial. Language Speech and Hearing Services in School. 2012; 43:359-69.
14. Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, Packman A, O'Brian S, Menzies R. Using syllable-timed speech to treat preschool children who stutter: A multiple baseline experiment. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2009; 34:1-10.
15. Andrews C, O’Brian S, Onslow M, Packman A, Menzies R, Lowe R. Phase II trial of a syllable-timed speech treatment for school-age children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2016; 48:44-55.
16. Kazemi Y, Klee T, Stringer H. Diagnostic accuracy of language sample measures with Persian-speaking preschool children. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetic. 2015; 1-15.
17. Mohammad Ebrahimi Jahromi Z, Haghshenas AM. The structure of VP core in standard Persian. Journal of Letter and Language. 2004; 12:153-77.
18. Guitar B, McCauley RJ. Treatment of stuttering: Established and emerging approaches. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010.
19. Yairi E, Ambrose NG. Early childhood stuttering I: Persistency and recovery rates. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research. 1999; 42(5):1097-112.
20. Craig A, Hancock K, Chang E, McCready C, Shepley A, McCaul A, Costell D, Reilly K. A controlled clinical trial for stuttering in persons aged 9 to 14 years. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research. 1996; 39:808-26.
21. Koushik S, Shenker R, Onslow M. Follow-up of 6-10 year-old stuttering children after Lidcombe program treatment: a phase I trial. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2009; 34:279-90.
22. Bakhtiar M, Seifpanahi S, Ansari H, Ghanadzade M, Packman A. Investigation of the reliability of the SSI-3 for preschool Persian-speaking children who stutter. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2010; 35(2):87-91.
23. Rezai H, Tahmasebi N, Zamani P, Haghighizadeh MH, Afshani M, Tahzibi F, Heydari A. Duration of Stuttered Syllables Measured by “Computerized Scoring of the Stuttering Severity (CSSS)” and “Pratt”. Iranian Rehabilitation Journal. 2017; 15(2):79-86.
24. Hossein Zadeh N, Shahbodaghi MR, Jalaei S. Reliability and validity of Behavioral Checklist and Communication Attitude Test in stuttering children and comparison with non-stutters at 6-11 years old. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2010; 4(1):30-7.
25. Yadegari F, Daruei A, Farazi M. Communication Attitude Test (1sted.). Tehran: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Publications. 2004.
26. Kazdin AE. Acceptability of alternative treatments for deviant child behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis. 1980; 13:259-73.
27. Bartko J. On various intra-class correlation reliability coefficient. Psychological Bulletin. 1976; 83(5):762-65.
28. Zamani P, Mousavi SM, Rezai H. A three-case study on the effectiveness of syllabic-timed method on treating stuttering in children with Down Syndrome. Jundishapur Scientific and Medical Journal. 2014; 13(5):513-20.
Trajkovski N, Andrews C, Onslow M, O'Brian S, Packman A, Menzies R. A phase II trial of the Westmead Program: Syllable-timed speech treatment for pre-school children who stutter. International Journal of Speech Language Pathology. 2011; 13(6):500-09.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 2 (2021) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v15i2.7731 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Stuttering Syllabic speech School-age children | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Zamani P, Tahmasebi N, Mehdifard MS, Hesam S. Using Syllabic Speech Technique to Decline Stuttering in Severity Persian-speaking School-age Children With Stuttering. jmr. 2021;15(2):105-116.
