The Role of Simulated Patient in Physiotherapy Education: A Review Article
-
Mohammad Javaherian
,
Narges Dabbaghipour
,
Mahboobeh Khabaz Mafinejad
,
Nastaran Ghotbi
,
Amir Ali Khakneshin
,
Behrouz Attarbashi Moghadam
Abstract
Introduction: Using Simulated Patients (SPs) in clinical skills education is a common method of training students to improve their skills for future client encounters. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the SP strategy in Physical Therapy (PT) education.
Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from January 1980 up to November 2019. Different keywords related to the topic were selected using MeSH. Any types of quantitative study design which had used simulation-based learning in physical therapy were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers read studies and appraised them critically.
Results: A total of 1049 abstracts were retrieved and after reviewing the full-text paper, 11 fulltext articles met the inclusion criteria. These studies had used simulated patients for various objectives, including replicate different aspects of knowledge, self-perceived skills, real clinical practice, attitudes, and feasibility. Based on the result of studies, SP as an educational technique can improve student’s clinical reasoning skills, communication, and motivation in a safe environment.
Conclusion: SP is a useful learning strategy to deliver learning activities in medical education and physical therapy curricula, facilitating feedback on students’ performance with opportunities to interact with real patients and environments.
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5. Issenberg SB, Ringsted C, Østergaard D, Dieckmann P. Setting a research agenda for simulation-based healthcare education: A synthesis of the outcome from an Utstein style meeting. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. 2011; 6(3):155-67. [DOI:10.1097/SIH.0b013e3182207c24] [PMID]
6. Khan K, Pattison T, Sherwood M. Simulation in medical education. Medical Teacher. 2011; 33(1):1-3. [DOI:10.3109/0142159X.2010.519412] [PMID]
7. Barrows HS. An overview of the uses of standardized patients for teaching and evaluating clinical skills. Academic Medicine. 1993; 68(6):443-51. [DOI:10.1097/00001888-199306000-00002] [PMID]
8. Ohtake PJ, Lazarus M, Schillo R, Rosen M. Simulation experience enhances physical therapist student confidence in managing a patient in the critical care environment. Physical Therapy. 2013; 93(2):216-28. [DOI:10.2522/ptj.20110463] [PMID]
9. Mandrusiak AM, Isles R, Chang AT, Choy NLL, Toppenberg R, McCook D, et al. Senior physiotherapy students as standardised patients for junior students enhances self-efficacy and satisfaction in both junior and senior students. BMC Medical Education. 2014; 14:105. [DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-14-105] [PMID] [PMCID]
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11. Becker KL, Rose LE, Berg JB, Park H, Shatzer JH. The teaching effectiveness of standardized patients. Journal of Nursing Education. 2006; 45(4):103-11. [DOI:10.3928/01484834-20060401-03] [PMID]
12. Clever SL, Dudas RA, Solomon BS, Yeh HC, Levine D, Bertram A, et al. Medical student and faculty perceptions of volunteer outpatients versus simulated patients in communication skills training. Academic Medicine. 2011; 86(11):1437-42. [DOI:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182305bc0] [PMID]
13. Brenner AM. Uses and limitations of simulated patients in psychiatric education. Academic Psychiatry. 2009; 33(2):112-9. [DOI:10.1176/appi.ap.33.2.112] [PMID]
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16. Dennis D, Furness A, Duggan R, Critchett S. An interprofessional simulation-based learning activity for nursing and physiotherapy students. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 2017; 13(10):501-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2017.06.002]
17. Dalwood NB, Maloney S, Cox N, Morgan P. Preparing physiotherapy students for clinical placement: Student perceptions of low-cost peer simulation. A mixed-methods study. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. 2018; 13(3):181-7. [DOI:10.1097/SIH.0000000000000276] [PMID]
18. Hale LS, Lewis KD, Eckert RM, Wilson CM, Smith BS. Standardized patients and multidisciplinary classroom instruction for physical therapist students to improve interviewing skills and attitudes about diabetes. Journal of Physical Therapy Education. 2006; 20(1):22-7. [DOI:10.1097/00001416-200601000-00003]
19. Hayward LM, Blackmer B. A model for teaching and assessing core values development in doctor of physical therapy students. Journal of Physical Therapy Education. 2010; 24(3):16-26. [DOI:10.1097/00001416-201007000-00003]
20. Ladyshewsky R, Gotjamanos E. Communication skill development in health professional education: The use of standardised patients in combination with a peer assessment strategy. Journal of Allied Health. 1997; 26(4):177-86. [PMID]
21. Lewis LK, Stiller K, Hardy F. A clinical assessment tool used for physiotherapy students - Is it reliable? Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2008; 24(2):121-34. [DOI:10.1080/09593980701508894] [PMID]
22. Phillips AC, Mackintosh SF, Bell A, Johnston KN. Developing physiotherapy student safety skills in readiness for clinical placement using standardised patients compared with peer-role play: A pilot non-randomised controlled trial. BMC Medical Education. 2017; 17(1):133. [DOI:10.1186/s12909-017-0973-5] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Murphy S, Imam B, MacIntyre DL. Standardized patients versus volunteer patients for physical therapy students’ interviewing practice: A pilot study. Physiotherapy Canada. 2015; 67(4):378-84. [DOI:10.3138/ptc.2014-50E] [PMID] [PMCID]
24. Blackstock FC, Watson KM, Morris NR, Jones A, Wright A, McMeeken JM, et al. Simulation can contribute a part of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy clinical education: Two randomized trials. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. 2013; 8(1):32-42. [DOI:10.1097/SIH.0b013e318273101a] [PMID]
25. Black B, Marcoux BC. Feasibility of using standardized patients in a physical therapist education program: A pilot study. Journal of Physical Therapy Education. 2002; 16(2):49-56. [DOI:10.1097/00001416-200207000-00008]
26. Butler KW, Veltre DE, Brady D. Implementation of active learning pedagogy comparing low-fidelity simulation versus high-fidelity simulation in pediatric nursing education. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 2009; 5(4):E129-E36. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2009.03.118]
27. McCaughey CS, Traynor MK. The role of simulation in nurse education. Nurse Education Today. 2010; 30(8):827-32. [DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2010.03.005] [PMID]
28. May W, Park JH, Lee JP. A ten-year review of the literature on the use of standardized patients in teaching and learning: 1996-2005. Medical Teacher. 2009; 31(6):487-92. [DOI:10.1080/01421590802530898] [PMID]
29. Weller JM, Nestel D, Marshall SD, Brooks PM, Conn JJ. Simulation in clinical teaching and learning. The Medical Journal of Australia. 2012; 196(9):594. [DOI:10.5694/mja10.11474] [PMID]
30. Mori B, Carnahan H, Herold J. Use of simulation learning experiences in physical therapy entry-to-practice curricula: A systematic review. Physiotherapy Canada. 2015; 67(2):194-202. [DOI:10.3138/ptc.2014-40E] [PMID] [PMCID]
31. Pritchard SA, Blackstock FC, Nestel D, Keating JL. Simulated patients in physical therapy education: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical Therapy. 2016; 96(9):1342-53. [DOI:10.2522/ptj.20150500] [PMID]
2. Monaghan MS, Gardner SF, Hastings JK, Reinhardt GL, Richard Knoll K, Vanderbush RE, et al. Student attitudes toward the use of standardized patients in a communication course. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 1997; 61(2):131-6. http://archive.ajpe.org/legacy/ajpe_metaview.asp?ID=1498
3. Wallace P. Following the threads of an innovation: The history of standardized patients in medical education. Caduceus (Springfield, Ill.). 1997; 13(2):5-28. [PMID]
4. Thistlethwaite J. Interprofessional education: A review of context, learning and the research agenda. Medical Education. 2012; 46(1):58-70. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04143.x] [PMID]
5. Issenberg SB, Ringsted C, Østergaard D, Dieckmann P. Setting a research agenda for simulation-based healthcare education: A synthesis of the outcome from an Utstein style meeting. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. 2011; 6(3):155-67. [DOI:10.1097/SIH.0b013e3182207c24] [PMID]
6. Khan K, Pattison T, Sherwood M. Simulation in medical education. Medical Teacher. 2011; 33(1):1-3. [DOI:10.3109/0142159X.2010.519412] [PMID]
7. Barrows HS. An overview of the uses of standardized patients for teaching and evaluating clinical skills. Academic Medicine. 1993; 68(6):443-51. [DOI:10.1097/00001888-199306000-00002] [PMID]
8. Ohtake PJ, Lazarus M, Schillo R, Rosen M. Simulation experience enhances physical therapist student confidence in managing a patient in the critical care environment. Physical Therapy. 2013; 93(2):216-28. [DOI:10.2522/ptj.20110463] [PMID]
9. Mandrusiak AM, Isles R, Chang AT, Choy NLL, Toppenberg R, McCook D, et al. Senior physiotherapy students as standardised patients for junior students enhances self-efficacy and satisfaction in both junior and senior students. BMC Medical Education. 2014; 14:105. [DOI:10.1186/1472-6920-14-105] [PMID] [PMCID]
10. Paparella-Pitzel S, Edmond S, DeCaro C. The use of standardized patients in physical therapist education programs. Journal of Physical Therapy Education. 2009; 23(2):15-21. [DOI:10.1097/00001416-200907000-00003]
11. Becker KL, Rose LE, Berg JB, Park H, Shatzer JH. The teaching effectiveness of standardized patients. Journal of Nursing Education. 2006; 45(4):103-11. [DOI:10.3928/01484834-20060401-03] [PMID]
12. Clever SL, Dudas RA, Solomon BS, Yeh HC, Levine D, Bertram A, et al. Medical student and faculty perceptions of volunteer outpatients versus simulated patients in communication skills training. Academic Medicine. 2011; 86(11):1437-42. [DOI:10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182305bc0] [PMID]
13. Brenner AM. Uses and limitations of simulated patients in psychiatric education. Academic Psychiatry. 2009; 33(2):112-9. [DOI:10.1176/appi.ap.33.2.112] [PMID]
14. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2009; 151(4):264-9. [DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135] [PMID]
15. Reed DA, Cook DA, Beckman TJ, Levine RB, Kern DE, Wright SM. Association between funding and quality of published medical education research. JAMA. 2007; 298(9):1002-9. [DOI:10.1001/jama.298.9.1002] [PMID]
16. Dennis D, Furness A, Duggan R, Critchett S. An interprofessional simulation-based learning activity for nursing and physiotherapy students. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 2017; 13(10):501-10. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2017.06.002]
17. Dalwood NB, Maloney S, Cox N, Morgan P. Preparing physiotherapy students for clinical placement: Student perceptions of low-cost peer simulation. A mixed-methods study. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. 2018; 13(3):181-7. [DOI:10.1097/SIH.0000000000000276] [PMID]
18. Hale LS, Lewis KD, Eckert RM, Wilson CM, Smith BS. Standardized patients and multidisciplinary classroom instruction for physical therapist students to improve interviewing skills and attitudes about diabetes. Journal of Physical Therapy Education. 2006; 20(1):22-7. [DOI:10.1097/00001416-200601000-00003]
19. Hayward LM, Blackmer B. A model for teaching and assessing core values development in doctor of physical therapy students. Journal of Physical Therapy Education. 2010; 24(3):16-26. [DOI:10.1097/00001416-201007000-00003]
20. Ladyshewsky R, Gotjamanos E. Communication skill development in health professional education: The use of standardised patients in combination with a peer assessment strategy. Journal of Allied Health. 1997; 26(4):177-86. [PMID]
21. Lewis LK, Stiller K, Hardy F. A clinical assessment tool used for physiotherapy students - Is it reliable? Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. 2008; 24(2):121-34. [DOI:10.1080/09593980701508894] [PMID]
22. Phillips AC, Mackintosh SF, Bell A, Johnston KN. Developing physiotherapy student safety skills in readiness for clinical placement using standardised patients compared with peer-role play: A pilot non-randomised controlled trial. BMC Medical Education. 2017; 17(1):133. [DOI:10.1186/s12909-017-0973-5] [PMID] [PMCID]
23. Murphy S, Imam B, MacIntyre DL. Standardized patients versus volunteer patients for physical therapy students’ interviewing practice: A pilot study. Physiotherapy Canada. 2015; 67(4):378-84. [DOI:10.3138/ptc.2014-50E] [PMID] [PMCID]
24. Blackstock FC, Watson KM, Morris NR, Jones A, Wright A, McMeeken JM, et al. Simulation can contribute a part of cardiorespiratory physiotherapy clinical education: Two randomized trials. Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. 2013; 8(1):32-42. [DOI:10.1097/SIH.0b013e318273101a] [PMID]
25. Black B, Marcoux BC. Feasibility of using standardized patients in a physical therapist education program: A pilot study. Journal of Physical Therapy Education. 2002; 16(2):49-56. [DOI:10.1097/00001416-200207000-00008]
26. Butler KW, Veltre DE, Brady D. Implementation of active learning pedagogy comparing low-fidelity simulation versus high-fidelity simulation in pediatric nursing education. Clinical Simulation in Nursing. 2009; 5(4):E129-E36. [DOI:10.1016/j.ecns.2009.03.118]
27. McCaughey CS, Traynor MK. The role of simulation in nurse education. Nurse Education Today. 2010; 30(8):827-32. [DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2010.03.005] [PMID]
28. May W, Park JH, Lee JP. A ten-year review of the literature on the use of standardized patients in teaching and learning: 1996-2005. Medical Teacher. 2009; 31(6):487-92. [DOI:10.1080/01421590802530898] [PMID]
29. Weller JM, Nestel D, Marshall SD, Brooks PM, Conn JJ. Simulation in clinical teaching and learning. The Medical Journal of Australia. 2012; 196(9):594. [DOI:10.5694/mja10.11474] [PMID]
30. Mori B, Carnahan H, Herold J. Use of simulation learning experiences in physical therapy entry-to-practice curricula: A systematic review. Physiotherapy Canada. 2015; 67(2):194-202. [DOI:10.3138/ptc.2014-40E] [PMID] [PMCID]
31. Pritchard SA, Blackstock FC, Nestel D, Keating JL. Simulated patients in physical therapy education: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical Therapy. 2016; 96(9):1342-53. [DOI:10.2522/ptj.20150500] [PMID]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 2 (2020) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v14i2.7704 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Simulated patient Simulation Physical therapy Physiotherapy Education Learning | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Javaherian M, Dabbaghipour N, Khabaz Mafinejad M, Ghotbi N, Khakneshin AA, Attarbashi Moghadam B. The Role of Simulated Patient in Physiotherapy Education: A Review Article. jmr. 2020;14(2):69-80.
