The Relationship Between Trunk Muscle Endurance and Three-dimensional Knee Kinematics During Jump-Landing Among Military Personnel
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Abstract
Introduction: Musculoskeletal injuries are prevalent among active individuals, such as military personnel, which may lead to high health costs. The injuries, specifically in lower extremity joints, are mostly taking place during movements such as jumping. This study investigates the correlation between trunk muscle endurance and three-dimensional knee kinematics during jump-landing among military personnel.
Materials and Methods: Thirty commandoes (Mean±SD age: 29.45±4.76) participated in the study. The researchers performed McGill standardized testing battery (core muscle endurance tests). Our subjects underwent jump-landing maneuver and 3D motion analysis of knee joint kinematics. Then the investigators analyzed the obtained data using the Pearson correlation test (P<0.05). The main outcome measures were trunk muscles’ endurance and knee joint angles of flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, and internal rotation-external rotation estimated using MATLAB scripts for three trials during peak angle of knee flexion just before the rebound. We also calculated the average value for the aforementioned motions from initial contact to the take-off phase.
Results: The Pearson correlation test indicated a statistically significant correlation between the peak and average value of knee flexion angle and right (rpeak=0.511, raverage=0.505/ Ppeak=0.021, Paverage=0.023) and left (rpeak=0.486, raverage=0.445/ Ppeak=0.030, Paverage=0.049) side bridge tests. Moreover, we observed a significant negative correlation between average knee internal rotation and trunk flexors’ endurance test value (r=-0.496, P=0.026).
Discussion: The trunk muscles provide knee stability in dynamic tasks. Particularly, strengthening abdominal and lateral muscles of the trunk high shown to decrease knee rotation and flexion, respectively, during landing from a jump. Consequently, the authorities should emphasize this fact while designing conditioning or rehabilitation programs.
Willson JD, Dougherty CP, Ireland ML, Davis IM. Core stability and its relationship to lower extremity function and injury. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons . 2005; 13(5):316-25. [DOI:10.5435/00124635-200509000-00005] [PMID]
Jamison ST, McNeilan RJ, Young GS, Givens DL, Best TM, Chaudhari AM. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of a trunk stabilization program on trunk control and knee loading. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2012; 44(10):1924-34. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825a2f61] [PMID]
Bouisset S. Relationship between postural support and intentional movement: Biomechanical approach. Archives of International Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1991; 99(5):77-92. [DOI:10.3109/13813459109145919] [PMID]
Bliven K, Anderson B. Core stability training for injury prevention. Sports Health. 2013; 5(6):514-22. [DOI:10.1177/1941738113481200] [PMID] [PMCID]
Pfile KR, Hart JM, Herman DC, Hertel J, Kerrigan DC, Ingersoll CD. Different exercise training interventions and drop landing biomechanics in high school female athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 2013; 48(4):450-62. [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-48.4.06] [PMID] [PMCID]
Shirey M, Hurlbutt M, Johansen N, King GW, Wilkinson SG, Hoover DL. The influence of core musculature engagement on hip and knee kinematics in women during a single leg squat. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2012; 7(1):1-12. [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000401382.61642.9c]
Hickey L, Kline P, Ireland M, Noehren, B. Hip and trunk muscle dysfunction: Implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention. Annals of Joint. 2017; 2(5):1-8. [DOI:10.21037/aoj.2017.05.07]
Borghuis J, Hof AL, Lemmink KA. The importance of sensory-motor control in providing core stability: Implications for measurement and training. Sports Medicine. 2008; 38(11):893-916. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200838110-00002] [PMID]
Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Medicine. 2006; 36(3):189-98. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001] [PMID]
Zazulak BT, Hewett TE, Reeves NP, Goldberg B, Cholewicki J. The effects of core proprioception on knee injury: A prospective biomechanical-epidemiological study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007; 35(3):368-73. [DOI:10.1177/0363546506297909] [PMID]
Zazulak BT, Hewett TE, Reeves NP, Goldberg B, Cholewicki J. Deficits in neuromuscular control of the trunk predict knee injury risk: A prospective biomechanical-epidemiologic study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007; 35(7):1123-30. [DOI:10.1177/0363546507301585] [PMID]
McGill SM, Childs A, Liebenson C. Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: Clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1999; 80 (8):941-4. [DOI:10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90087-4]
Evans K, Refshauge KM, Adams R. Trunk muscle endurance tests: Reliability, and gender differences in athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2007; 10(6):447-55. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.09.003] [PMID]
Moreau C, Green B, Johnson C, Moreau S. Isometric back extension endurance tests: A review of the literature. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2001; 24(2):110-22. [DOI:10.1067/mmt.2001.112563] [PMID]
Padua DA, Marshall SW, Boling MC, Thigpen CA, Garrett WE Jr, Beutler AI. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: The JUMP-ACL study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009; 37(10):1996-2002. [DOI:10.1177/0363546509343200] [PMID]
Andriacchi TP, Alexander EJ, Toney MK, Dyrby C, Sum J. A point cluster method for in vivo motion analysis: Applied to a study of knee kinematics. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 1998; 120(6):743-9. [DOI:10.1115/1.2834888] [PMID]
Camomilla V, Cereatti A, Vannozzi G, Cappozzo A. An optimized protocol for hip joint centre determination using the functional method. Journal of Biomechanics. 2006; 39(6):1096-106. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.008] [PMID]
Nakagawa TH, Petersen RS. Relationship of hip and ankle range of motion, trunk muscle endurance with knee valgus and dynamic balance in males. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2018; 34:174-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.10.006] [PMID]
Decker MJ, Torry MR, Wyland DJ, Sterett WI, Richard Steadman J. Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and energy absorption during landing. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 2003; 18(7):662-9. [DOI:10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00090-1]
Leetun DT, Ireland ML, Willson JD, Ballantyne BT, Davis IM. Core stability measures as risk factors for lower extremity injury in athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2004; 36(6):926-34. [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000128145.75199.C3] [PMID]
Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Contraction of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb. Physical Therapy. 1997; 77(2):132-42. [DOI:10.1093/ptj/77.2.132] [PMID]
Pool-Goudzwaard AL, Vleeming A, Stoeckart R, Snijders CJ, Mens JM. Insufficient lumbopelvic stability: A clinical, anatomical and biomechanical approach to ‘a-specific’ low back pain. Manual Therapy. 1998; 3(1):12-20. [DOI:10.1054/math.1998.0311] [PMID]
Devlin L. Recurrent posterior thigh symptoms detrimental to performance in Rugby Union. Sports Medicine. 2000; 29(4):273-87. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200029040-00005] [PMID]
Cholewicki J, McGill SM. Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: Implications for injury and chronic low back pain. Clinical Biomechanics. 1996; 11(1):1-15. [DOI:10.1016/0268-0033(95)00035-6]
Akuthota V, Nadler SF. Core strengthening. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2004; 85(1):86-92. [DOI:10.1053/j.apmr.2003.12.005] [PMID]
Willson JD, Dougherty CP, Ireland ML, McClay Davis I. Core stability and its relationship to lower extremity function. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2005; 13(5):316-25. [DOI:10.5435/00124635-200509000-00005] [PMID]
Earl JE, Hoch AZ. A proximal strengthening program improves pain, function, and biomechanics in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011; 39(1):154-63. [DOI:10.1177/0363546510379967] [PMID]
Ferber R, Noehren B, Hamill J, Davis IM. Competitive runners with a history of iliotibial band syndrome demonstrate atypical hip and knee kinematics. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2010; 40(2):52-8. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2010.3028] [PMID]
Pollard CD, Sigward SM, Powers CM. Limited hip and knee flexion during landing is associated with increased frontal plane motion and moments. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol Avon). 2010; 25(2):142-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.10.005] [PMID] [PMCID]
Chuter VH, Janse de Jonge XA. Proximal and distal contributions to lower extremity injury: A review of the literature. Gait Posture. 2012; 36(1):7-15. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.02.001] [PMID]
Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine: A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1989; 230:1-54. [DOI:10.3109/17453678909154177] [PMID]
Ireland ML. The female ACL: Why is it more prone to injury? Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 2002; 33(4):637-51. [DOI:10.1016/S0030-5898(02)00028-7]
Martinez AF, Lessi GC, Carvalho C, Serrao FV. Association of hip and trunk strength with three-dimensional trunk, hip and knee kinematics during a single-leg drop vertical jump. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2018; 32(7):1902-8. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002564] [PMID]
Willson JD, Ireland ML, Davis I. Core strength and lower extremity alignment during single leg squats. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2006; 38(5):945-52. [DOI:10.1249/01.mss.0000218140.05074.fa] [PMID]
De Blaiser C, Roosen P, Willems T, Danneels L, Bossche LV, De Ridder R. Is core stability a risk factor for lower extremity injuries in an athletic population? A systematic review. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2018; 30:48-56. [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.08.076] [PMID]
Scattone Silva R, Nakagawa TH, Ferreira AL, Garcia LC, Santos JE, Serrão FV. Lower limb strength and flexibility in athletes with and without patellar tendinopathy. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2016; 20:19-25. [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.12.001] [PMID]
Jamison ST, McNeilan RJ, Young GS, Givens DL, Best TM, Chaudhari AM. Randomized controlled trial of the effects of a trunk stabilization program on trunk control and knee loading. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2012; 44(10):1924-34. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31825a2f61] [PMID]
Bouisset S. Relationship between postural support and intentional movement: Biomechanical approach. Archives of International Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1991; 99(5):77-92. [DOI:10.3109/13813459109145919] [PMID]
Bliven K, Anderson B. Core stability training for injury prevention. Sports Health. 2013; 5(6):514-22. [DOI:10.1177/1941738113481200] [PMID] [PMCID]
Pfile KR, Hart JM, Herman DC, Hertel J, Kerrigan DC, Ingersoll CD. Different exercise training interventions and drop landing biomechanics in high school female athletes. Journal of Athletic Training. 2013; 48(4):450-62. [DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-48.4.06] [PMID] [PMCID]
Shirey M, Hurlbutt M, Johansen N, King GW, Wilkinson SG, Hoover DL. The influence of core musculature engagement on hip and knee kinematics in women during a single leg squat. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2012; 7(1):1-12. [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000401382.61642.9c]
Hickey L, Kline P, Ireland M, Noehren, B. Hip and trunk muscle dysfunction: Implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention. Annals of Joint. 2017; 2(5):1-8. [DOI:10.21037/aoj.2017.05.07]
Borghuis J, Hof AL, Lemmink KA. The importance of sensory-motor control in providing core stability: Implications for measurement and training. Sports Medicine. 2008; 38(11):893-916. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200838110-00002] [PMID]
Kibler WB, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Medicine. 2006; 36(3):189-98. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001] [PMID]
Zazulak BT, Hewett TE, Reeves NP, Goldberg B, Cholewicki J. The effects of core proprioception on knee injury: A prospective biomechanical-epidemiological study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007; 35(3):368-73. [DOI:10.1177/0363546506297909] [PMID]
Zazulak BT, Hewett TE, Reeves NP, Goldberg B, Cholewicki J. Deficits in neuromuscular control of the trunk predict knee injury risk: A prospective biomechanical-epidemiologic study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2007; 35(7):1123-30. [DOI:10.1177/0363546507301585] [PMID]
McGill SM, Childs A, Liebenson C. Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: Clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 1999; 80 (8):941-4. [DOI:10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90087-4]
Evans K, Refshauge KM, Adams R. Trunk muscle endurance tests: Reliability, and gender differences in athletes. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2007; 10(6):447-55. [DOI:10.1016/j.jsams.2006.09.003] [PMID]
Moreau C, Green B, Johnson C, Moreau S. Isometric back extension endurance tests: A review of the literature. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2001; 24(2):110-22. [DOI:10.1067/mmt.2001.112563] [PMID]
Padua DA, Marshall SW, Boling MC, Thigpen CA, Garrett WE Jr, Beutler AI. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a valid and reliable clinical assessment tool of jump-landing biomechanics: The JUMP-ACL study. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009; 37(10):1996-2002. [DOI:10.1177/0363546509343200] [PMID]
Andriacchi TP, Alexander EJ, Toney MK, Dyrby C, Sum J. A point cluster method for in vivo motion analysis: Applied to a study of knee kinematics. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 1998; 120(6):743-9. [DOI:10.1115/1.2834888] [PMID]
Camomilla V, Cereatti A, Vannozzi G, Cappozzo A. An optimized protocol for hip joint centre determination using the functional method. Journal of Biomechanics. 2006; 39(6):1096-106. [DOI:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.008] [PMID]
Nakagawa TH, Petersen RS. Relationship of hip and ankle range of motion, trunk muscle endurance with knee valgus and dynamic balance in males. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2018; 34:174-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.10.006] [PMID]
Decker MJ, Torry MR, Wyland DJ, Sterett WI, Richard Steadman J. Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and energy absorption during landing. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol, Avon). 2003; 18(7):662-9. [DOI:10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00090-1]
Leetun DT, Ireland ML, Willson JD, Ballantyne BT, Davis IM. Core stability measures as risk factors for lower extremity injury in athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2004; 36(6):926-34. [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000128145.75199.C3] [PMID]
Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Contraction of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb. Physical Therapy. 1997; 77(2):132-42. [DOI:10.1093/ptj/77.2.132] [PMID]
Pool-Goudzwaard AL, Vleeming A, Stoeckart R, Snijders CJ, Mens JM. Insufficient lumbopelvic stability: A clinical, anatomical and biomechanical approach to ‘a-specific’ low back pain. Manual Therapy. 1998; 3(1):12-20. [DOI:10.1054/math.1998.0311] [PMID]
Devlin L. Recurrent posterior thigh symptoms detrimental to performance in Rugby Union. Sports Medicine. 2000; 29(4):273-87. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200029040-00005] [PMID]
Cholewicki J, McGill SM. Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: Implications for injury and chronic low back pain. Clinical Biomechanics. 1996; 11(1):1-15. [DOI:10.1016/0268-0033(95)00035-6]
Akuthota V, Nadler SF. Core strengthening. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2004; 85(1):86-92. [DOI:10.1053/j.apmr.2003.12.005] [PMID]
Willson JD, Dougherty CP, Ireland ML, McClay Davis I. Core stability and its relationship to lower extremity function. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2005; 13(5):316-25. [DOI:10.5435/00124635-200509000-00005] [PMID]
Earl JE, Hoch AZ. A proximal strengthening program improves pain, function, and biomechanics in women with patellofemoral pain syndrome. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011; 39(1):154-63. [DOI:10.1177/0363546510379967] [PMID]
Ferber R, Noehren B, Hamill J, Davis IM. Competitive runners with a history of iliotibial band syndrome demonstrate atypical hip and knee kinematics. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2010; 40(2):52-8. [DOI:10.2519/jospt.2010.3028] [PMID]
Pollard CD, Sigward SM, Powers CM. Limited hip and knee flexion during landing is associated with increased frontal plane motion and moments. Clinical Biomechanics (Bristol Avon). 2010; 25(2):142-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2009.10.005] [PMID] [PMCID]
Chuter VH, Janse de Jonge XA. Proximal and distal contributions to lower extremity injury: A review of the literature. Gait Posture. 2012; 36(1):7-15. [DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.02.001] [PMID]
Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine: A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1989; 230:1-54. [DOI:10.3109/17453678909154177] [PMID]
Ireland ML. The female ACL: Why is it more prone to injury? Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 2002; 33(4):637-51. [DOI:10.1016/S0030-5898(02)00028-7]
Martinez AF, Lessi GC, Carvalho C, Serrao FV. Association of hip and trunk strength with three-dimensional trunk, hip and knee kinematics during a single-leg drop vertical jump. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2018; 32(7):1902-8. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002564] [PMID]
Willson JD, Ireland ML, Davis I. Core strength and lower extremity alignment during single leg squats. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2006; 38(5):945-52. [DOI:10.1249/01.mss.0000218140.05074.fa] [PMID]
De Blaiser C, Roosen P, Willems T, Danneels L, Bossche LV, De Ridder R. Is core stability a risk factor for lower extremity injuries in an athletic population? A systematic review. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2018; 30:48-56. [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.08.076] [PMID]
Scattone Silva R, Nakagawa TH, Ferreira AL, Garcia LC, Santos JE, Serrão FV. Lower limb strength and flexibility in athletes with and without patellar tendinopathy. Physical Therapy in Sport. 2016; 20:19-25. [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.12.001] [PMID]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 3 (2019) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.32598/JMR.13.3.161 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Core muscle endurance, Jump-landing, McGill protocol, Knee joint alignment | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mohammadi MF, Sobhani V. The Relationship Between Trunk Muscle Endurance and Three-dimensional Knee Kinematics During Jump-Landing Among Military Personnel. jmr. 2020;13(3):161-170.
