The Effect of Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle on Respiratory Indices in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea
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Abstract
Introduction: Physiological changes during the menstrual cycle in women with primary dysmenorrhea may affect their respiratory system, so this study aimed to examine various respiratory parameters in three phases of the menstrual cycle in these women.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 15 women with dysmenorrhea aged 18-25 years. The respiratory parameters were measured using a capnograph during the menstrual phase (MP; on days 3 or 4), follicular phase (FP; on days 10 or 11), and luteal phase (LP; on days 20 or 21).
Results: The results of this study showed a significant difference in end-tidal CO2 pressure in the follicular and luteal phase with that in the menstrual phase (P<0.01). Also, the respiration rate and oxygen saturation showed a significant difference in different phases of menstruation (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that respiratory indices differ in various phases of the menstrual cycle in women with primary dysmenorrhea, which seems to be due to pain during the menstrual cycle and increased progesterone levels in the luteal phase.
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20. Farha S, Asosingh K, Laskowski D, Hammel J, Dweik RA, Wiedemann HP, et al. Effects of the menstrual cycle on lung function variables in women with asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2009; 180(4):304-10. [DOI:10.1164/rccm.200904-0497OC] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Samsudeen N, Rajagopalan A. Effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on cardio-respiratory efficiency in normal, overweight and obese female undergraduate students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016; 10(12):CC01-CC04. [DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2016/23080.8954] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Das TK. Effects of the menstrual cycle on timing and depth of breathing at rest. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1998; 42(4):498-502. [PMID]
23. England SJ, Farhi LE. Fluctuations in alveolar CO2 and in base excess during the menstrual cycle1. Respiration Physiology. 1976; 26(2):157-61. [DOI:10.1016/0034-5687(76)90093-1]
24. Jamieson DJ, Steege JF. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care practices. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1996; 87(1):55-8. [DOI:10.1016/0029-7844(95)00360-6]
25. Weinberger SE, Weiss ST, Cohen WR, Weiss JW, Johnson TS. Pregnancy and the lung. The American Review of Respiratory Disease. 1980; 121(3):559-81. [DOI:10.1164/arrd.1980.121.3.559] [PMID]
26. Slatkovska L, Jensen D, Davies GA, Wolfe LA. Phasic menstrual cycle effects on the control of breathing in healthy women. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 2006; 154(3):379-88. [DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2006.01.011] [PMID]
27. McLaughlin L, Goldsmith CH. Altered respiration in a case series of low back / pelvic pain patients. Paper presented at: 6th Interdisciplinary Word Congress on Low Back and Pelvic Pain. November 2007; Barcelona, Spain. https://www.fasciaresearch.com/literature/wc-low-back-and-pelvic-pain/McLaughlin07.pdf
28. Girija B, Veeraiah S. Effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on physical working capacity in Indian population. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2011; 55(2):165-9. [PMID]
29. McLaughlin L. Breathing evaluation and retraining in manual therapy. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2009; 13(3):276-82 [DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.01.005] [PMID]Ariosam ad eum ut magnihici sunt.
2. Paramsothy P. Menstrual cycle patterns and their determinants during the menopausal transition among a multiethnic cohort of women [PhD. dissertation]. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan; 2012. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/94090
3. French L. Dysmenorrhea in adolescents: Diagnosis and treatment. Paediatric Drugs. 2008; 10(1):1-7. [DOI:10.2165/00148581-200810010-00001] [PMID]
4. Ortiz MI, Cortés-Márquez SK, Romero-Quezada LC, Murguía-Cánovas G, Jaramillo-Díaz AP. Effect of a physiotherapy program in women with primary dysmenorrhea. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2015; 194:24-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.08.008] [PMID]
5. Unsal A, Ayranci U, Tozun M, Arslan G, Calik E. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its effect on quality of life among a group of female university students. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. 2010; 115(2):138-45. [DOI:10.3109/03009730903457218] [PMID] [PMCID]
6. Vlachou E, Owens DA, Lavdaniti M, Kalemikerakis J, Evagelou E, Margari N, et al. Prevalence, wellbeing, and symptoms of dysmenorrhea among university nursing students in Greece. Diseases. 2019; 7(1):pii:E5. [DOI:10.3390/diseases7010005] [PMID] [PMCID]
7. Kahyaoglu Sut H, Mestogullari E. Effect of premenstrual syndrome on work-related quality of life in Turkish nurses. Safety and Health at Work. 2016; 7(1):78-82. [DOI:10.1016/j.shaw.2015.09.001] [PMID] [PMCID]
8. Copeland LJ, Jarrell JF. Textbook of gynecology. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2000. https://books.google.com/books?id=XYyIQgAACAAJ&dq
9. Jafari H, Courtois I, Van den Bergh O, Vlaeyen JWS, Van Diest I. Pain and respiration: A systematic review. Pain. 2017; 158(6):995-1006. [DOI:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000865] [PMID]
10. Oladosu FA, Tu FF, Hellman KM. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug resistance in dysmenorrhea: Epidemiology, causes, and treatment. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018; 218(4):390-400. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajog.2017.08.108] [PMID] [PMCID]
11. Damm T, Lamvu G, Carrillo J, Ouyang C, Feranec J. Continuous vs. cyclic combined hormonal contraceptives for treatment of dysmenorrhea: A systematic review. Contraception: X. 2019; 1:100002. [DOI:10.1016/j.conx.2019.100002]
12. Perri MA, Halford E. Pain and faulty breathing: A pilot study. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2004; 8(4):297-306. [DOI:10.1016/S1360-8592(03)00085-8]
13. Courtney R. The functions of breathing and its dysfunctions and their relationship to breathing therapy. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 2009; 12(3):78-85. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijosm.2009.04.002]
14. Yang L, Dun W, Li K, Yang J, Wang K, Liu H, et al. Altered amygdalar volume and functional connectivity in primary dysmenorrhea during the menstrual cycle. European Journal of Pain. 2019; 23(5):994-1005. [DOI:10.1002/ejp.1368] [PMID]
15. Bayliss DA, Millhorn DE. Central neural mechanisms of progesterone action: Application to the respiratory system. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1992; 73(2):393-404. [DOI:10.1152/jappl.1992.73.2.393] [PMID]
16. Hannhart B, Pickett CK, Moore LG. Effects of estrogen and progesterone on carotid body neural output responsiveness to hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology. 1990; 68(5):1909-16. [DOI:10.1152/jappl.1990.68.5.1909] [PMID]
17. Behan M, Wenninger JM. Sex steroidal hormones and respiratory control. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 2008; 164(1-2):213-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2008.06.006] [PMID] [PMCID]
18. Saperova E, Dimitriev D. Pulmonary functions in different phases of menstrual cycle. The FASEB Journal. 2013; 27(Suppl 1). [DOI:10.1289/isee.2013.P-3-11-10]
19. Kaur H, Kohli PG, Arora R, Maini S. Effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on pulmonary functions. Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research. 2015; 5(1):266-9. http://ijbamr.com/pdf/December%202015%20266-269.pdf.pdf
20. Farha S, Asosingh K, Laskowski D, Hammel J, Dweik RA, Wiedemann HP, et al. Effects of the menstrual cycle on lung function variables in women with asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2009; 180(4):304-10. [DOI:10.1164/rccm.200904-0497OC] [PMID] [PMCID]
21. Samsudeen N, Rajagopalan A. Effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on cardio-respiratory efficiency in normal, overweight and obese female undergraduate students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2016; 10(12):CC01-CC04. [DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2016/23080.8954] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Das TK. Effects of the menstrual cycle on timing and depth of breathing at rest. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1998; 42(4):498-502. [PMID]
23. England SJ, Farhi LE. Fluctuations in alveolar CO2 and in base excess during the menstrual cycle1. Respiration Physiology. 1976; 26(2):157-61. [DOI:10.1016/0034-5687(76)90093-1]
24. Jamieson DJ, Steege JF. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care practices. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1996; 87(1):55-8. [DOI:10.1016/0029-7844(95)00360-6]
25. Weinberger SE, Weiss ST, Cohen WR, Weiss JW, Johnson TS. Pregnancy and the lung. The American Review of Respiratory Disease. 1980; 121(3):559-81. [DOI:10.1164/arrd.1980.121.3.559] [PMID]
26. Slatkovska L, Jensen D, Davies GA, Wolfe LA. Phasic menstrual cycle effects on the control of breathing in healthy women. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 2006; 154(3):379-88. [DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2006.01.011] [PMID]
27. McLaughlin L, Goldsmith CH. Altered respiration in a case series of low back / pelvic pain patients. Paper presented at: 6th Interdisciplinary Word Congress on Low Back and Pelvic Pain. November 2007; Barcelona, Spain. https://www.fasciaresearch.com/literature/wc-low-back-and-pelvic-pain/McLaughlin07.pdf
28. Girija B, Veeraiah S. Effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on physical working capacity in Indian population. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2011; 55(2):165-9. [PMID]
29. McLaughlin L. Breathing evaluation and retraining in manual therapy. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies. 2009; 13(3):276-82 [DOI:10.1016/j.jbmt.2009.01.005] [PMID]Ariosam ad eum ut magnihici sunt.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 4 (2019) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.32598/JMR.13.4.185 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Primary dysmenorrhea Menstruation cycle Respiratory pattern respiratory index Capnography | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Oraki F, Ravanbakhsh M, Saadat M, Montazari S. The Effect of Different Phases of the Menstrual Cycle on Respiratory Indices in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea. jmr. 2019;13(4):185-192.
