Effects of Low-Level Laser Versus Laser Acupuncture in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
-
Ali Lafta Mezaal
,
Siamak Bashardoust Tajali
,
Gholamreza Olyaei
,
Shohreh Jalaie
,
Saddi Thweab Alwatifi
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the common causes of disabilities in adults. The prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is approximately 4.9% among people over 26, 16.7% among people over 45, and 12.1% among people over 60 years old. This study aims to determine the effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and laser acupuncture in decreasing pain and increasing functional activity in patients with subacute and chronic KOA.
Materials and Methods: In this randomized, single-blind, controlled study, the patients with grades 2 and 3 primary KOA were assigned into two experimental groups (active low-level laser and acupuncture laser) and one control group (infrared & exercise). The patients in the experimental group I (n=23) were under low-level Ga-Al–As diode laser, 830-nm continuous waves, and received laser irradiation of 30 mW/cm2 power density, 3 mW output power, 0.1 cm2 spot size, with a total dose of 18 J and for 10 minutes on 6 acupuncture points (SP10, ST34, ST35, GB34, Xiyan, SP9) around the knee in each session. The patients in the experimental group II (n=23) received 3 J power irradiation in each cm2 in a gridding technique over a triangle-like surface of 15 cm2 over the medial, lateral, and anterior sides of the knee with a total energy density of 45 J/15 cm2 for each session. Laser therapy was applied 5 times per week for a period of two weeks (10 sessions in total). The patients in the control group (group III) were under conventional physiotherapy (superficial heat therapy and isometric knee exercises for 15 minutes every day for a similar period (10 sessions in 2 weeks). The outcome study measures were pain level at rest rated by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), and Short Form of McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). In addition, active knee flexion and extension Range of Motions (ROMs) were measured too. These variables were evaluated at the baseline time, before the intervention, and after the intervention, on the final day of the intervention.
Results: Based on statistical outcomes, a significant pain reduction by NRS and McGill, an increase in functional activity by WOMAC as well as an increase in the Range of Motion of the knee were observed in three study groups after 10 sessions. However, the result of ANOVA test showed significant difference in pain reduction among three groups and the post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) test showed the significant difference between laser acupuncture and conventional laser groups with the control group; the largest improvement was found in Group I. In terms of functional activity, the post hoc LSD test showed the significant difference between conventional laser and laser acupuncture groups with the control group; the largest improvement was found in Group II. No significant difference was observed among the three groups with regard to the mean values of active knee flexion and extension.
Conclusion: Laser acupuncture and conventional laser are more effective in reducing pain and increasing functional activity in patients with KOA compared to conventional treatment. Clinically, laser acupuncture would appear to be superior in pain reduction.
Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, Arnold LM, Choi H, Deyo RA, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: Part II. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2008; 58(1):26-35. [DOI:10.1002/art.23176] [PMID] [PMCID]
Felson DT. Developments in the clinical understanding of Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2009; 11:203. [DOI:10.1186/ar2531] [PMID] [PMCID]
Gupta S, Hawker G, Laporte A, Croxford R, Coyte P. The economic burden of disabling hip and Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) from the perspective of individuals living with this condition. Rheumatology. 2005; 44(12):1531-7. [DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/kei049] [PMID]
Wallace IJ, Worthington S, Felson DT, Jurmain RD, Wren KT, Maijanen H, et al. Knee osteoarthritis has doubled in prevalence since the mid-20th century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017; 114(35):9332-6. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703856114] [PMCID] [PMID]
O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, Fulk G. Physical rehabilitation. Philadelphia: FA Davis; 2014.
Ho SC, Woo J, Chan SS, Yuen Y, Sham A. Risk factors for falls in the Chinese elderly population. The Journals of Gerontology Series A. 1996; 51(5):M195-M8. [DOI:10.1093/gerona/51A.5.M195] [PMID]
Klippel Je. Primer on the rheumatic diseases. Berlin: Springer; 2011.
Valdes AM, Spector TD. The contribution of genes to Osteoarthritis. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 2008; 34(3):581-603. [DOI:10.1016/j.rdc.2008.04.008] [PMID]
Felson DT. Risk factors for Osteoarthritis: Understanding joint vulnerability. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007). 2004; (427 Suppl.):S16-S21. [PMID]
American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis G. Guidelines for the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: 2002 Update. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2002; 46(2):328-46. [PMID]
Hafez AR, Al-Johani AH, Zakaria AR, Al-Ahaideb A, Buragadda S, Melam GR, et al. Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis in relation to hamstring and quadriceps strength. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2013; 25(11):1401-5. [DOI:10.1589/jpts.25.1401] [PMID] [PMCID]
Welch V, Brosseau L, Casimiro L, Judd M, Shea B, Tugwell P, et al. Thermotherapy for treating Rheumatoid Arthritis. Hoboken: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2002.
Oosterveld FGJ, Rasker JJ. Effects of local heat and cold treatment on surface and articular temperature of arthritic knees. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 1994; 37(11):1578-82. [DOI:10.1002/art.1780371104]
Draper DO, Klyve D, Ortiz R, Best TM. Effect of low-intensity long-duration ultrasound on the symptomatic relief of Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2018; 13(1):257. [DOI:10.1186/s13018-018-0965-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
Atamaz FC, Durmaz B, Baydar M, Demircioglu OY, Iyiyapici A, Kuran B, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, interferential currents, and shortwave diathermy in Knee Osteoarthritis: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2012; 93(5):748-56. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.11.037] [PMID]
Brosseau L, Judd M, Marchand S, Robinson V, Tugwell P, Wells G, et al. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the hand. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003; 3(2):CD004377. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD004377]
Sharma L, Song J, Felson DT, Cahue S, Shamiyeh E, Dunlop DD. The role of knee alignment in disease progression and functional decline in Knee Osteoarthritis. JAMA. 2001; 286(2):188-95. [DOI:10.1001/jama.286.2.188] [PMID]
Herrington L, Payton CJ. Effects of corrective taping of the patella on patients with patellofemoral pain. Physiotherapy. 1997; 83(11):566-72. [DOI:10.1016/S0031-9406(05)65961-5]
Tang L, Jia P, Zhao L, Kang D, Luo Y, Liu J, et al. Acupuncture treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis with sensitive points: Protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(10):e023838. [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023838] [PMID] [PMCID]
Ganji R, Pakniat A, Armat MR, Tabatabaeichehr M, Mortazavi H. The effect of self-management educational program on pain intensity in elderly patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized clinical trial. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018; 6(6):1062-6. [DOI:10.3889/oamjms.2018.225]
Brosseau L, Wells G, Marchand S, Gaboury I, Stokes B, Morin M, et al. Randomized controlled trial on Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 2005;36(3):210-9. [DOI:10.1002/lsm.20137] [PMID]
Farivar S, Malekshahabi T, Shiari R. Biological effects of low level laser therapy. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2014; 5(2):58-62. [PMID] [PMCID]
Rayegani SM, Raeissadat SA, Heidari S, Moradi-Joo M. Safety and effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2017; 8(Suppl. 1):S12-9. [DOI:10.15171/jlms.2017.s3] [PMID] [PMCID]
Brosseau L, Welch V, Wells G, DeBie R, Gam A, Harman K, et al. Low Level Laser Therapy (Classes I, II and III) for treating Osteoarthritis. Cochrane Library: Cochrane Reviews. 2004(3):Cd002046. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD002046.pub2]
Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS pain), Numeric Rating Scale for pain (NRS pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form‐36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF‐36 BPS), and measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care & Research. 2011; 63(S11):S240-S52. [DOI:10.1002/acr.20543] [PMID]
Tascioglu F, Armagan O, Tabak Y, Corapci I, Oner C. Low power laser treatment in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Swiss Medical Weekly. 2004; 134(17-18):254-8. [PMID]
Bülow P, Jensen H, Danneskiold-Samsøe B. Low power Ga-Al-As laser treatment of painful Osteoarthritis of the knee. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 1994; 26(3):155-9. [PMID]
Huang Z, Ma J, Chen J, Shen B, Pei F, Kraus VB. The effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy for nonspecific chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2015; 17:360. [DOI:10.1186/s13075-015-0882-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
Hakguder A, Birtane M, Gurcan S, Kokino S, Turan FN. Efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy in myofascial pain syndrome: An algometric and thermographic evaluation. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 2003; 33(5):339-43. [DOI:10.1002/lsm.10241] [PMID]
Laakso EL, Richardson C, Cramond T. Pain scores and side effects in response to Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for myofascial trigger points. Laser Therapy. 1997; 9(2):67-72. [DOI:10.5978/islsm.9.67]
Kreisel V, Weber M. A practical handbook: Laser acupuncture- successful treatment concepts. Vancouver: Eastern Currents Distributing; 2012.
Hinman RS, McCrory P, Pirotta M, Relf I, Forbes A, Crossley KM, et al. Acupuncture for chronic knee pain: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014; 312(13):1313-22. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2014.12660] [PMID]
Helianthi DR, Simadibrata C, Srilestari A, Wahyudi ER, Hidayat R. Pain reduction after laser acupuncture treatment in geriatric patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Medica Indonesiana. 2016; 48(2):114-21. [PMID]
Al Rashoud A, Abboud R, Wang W, Wigderowitz C. Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy applied at acupuncture points in Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomised double-blind comparative trial. Physiotherapy. 2014; 100(3):242-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.physio.2013.09.007] [PMID]
Yurtkuran M, Alp A, Konur S, Özçakir S, Bingol U. Laser acupuncture in Knee Osteoarthritis: A double-blind, randomized controlled study. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy. 2007; 25(1):14-20. [DOI:10.1089/pho.2006.1093] [PMID]
Shen X, Zhao L, Ding G, Tan M, Gao J, Wang L, et al. Effect of combined laser acupuncture on Knee Osteoarthritis: A pilot study. Lasers in Medical Science. 2009; 24(2):129-36. [DOI:10.1007/s10103-007-0536-9] [PMID]
Kellgren J, Lawrence JS. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1957; 16(4):494-502. [DOI:10.1136/ard.22.4.237] [PMID] [PMCID]
Kheshie AR, Alayat MSM, Ali MME. High-intensity versus Low-Level Laser Therapy in the treatment of patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Lasers in Medical Science. 2014; 29(4):1371-6. [DOI:10.1007/s10103-014-1529-0] [PMID]
Chow SC. Sample size calculations in clinical research. Didcot, England: Taylor & Francis Group; 2008.
White A, Cummings M, Filshie J. An introduction to western medical acupuncture. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2008.
Anwer S, Alghadir A. Effect of isometric quadriceps exercise on muscle strength, pain, and function in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014; 26(5):745-8. [DOI:10.1589/jpts.26.745] [PMID] [PMCID]
Terkawi AS, Tsang S, Abolkhair A, Alsharif M, Alswiti M, Alsadoun A, et al. Development and validation of Arabic version of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2017; 11(Suppl. 1):S2-S10. [DOI:10.4103/sja.SJA_130_17]
Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW. Validation study of WOMAC: A health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with Osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1988; 15(12):1833-40. [PMID]
Guermazi M, Poiraudeau S, Yahia M, Mezganni M, Fermanian J, Elleuch MH, et al. Translation, adaptation and validation of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) for an Arab population: The S fax modified WOMAC. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2004; 12(6):459-68. [DOI:10.1016/j.joca.2004.02.006] [PMID]
Gerhardt JJ, Rondinelli RD. Goniometric techniques for range-of-motion assessment. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics. 2001; 12(3):507-28. [DOI:10.1016/S1047-9651(18)30047-0]
World Association for Laser Therapy. Recommended treatment doses for Low Level Laser Therapy [Internet]. 2010 [Updated 12 April 2010]. Available from: http://waltza.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Dose_table_904nm_for_Low_Level_Laser_Therapy_WALT-2010.pdf
Schikora D. Laserneedle acupuncture: A critical review and recent results. Medical Acupuncture. 2008; 20(1):37-42. [DOI:10.1089/acu.2007.0606]
Fukuda VO, Fukuda TY, Guimarães M, Shiwa S, de Lima BDC, Martins RÁBL, et al. Short-term efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition). 2011; 46(5):526-33. [DOI:10.1590/S0102-36162011000500008]
Rayegani SM, Bahrami MH, Elyaspour D, Saeidi M, Sanjari H. Therapeutic effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Knee Osteoarthritis, compared to therapeutic ultrasound. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2012; 3(2):71-4. [DOI:10.22037/2010.v3i2.2830]
Hegedűs B, Viharos L, Gervain M, Gálfi M. The effect of low-level laser in Knee Osteoarthritis: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2009; 27(4):577-84. [DOI:10.1089/pho.2008.2297] [PMID] [PMCID]
Chung H, Dai T, Sharma SK, Huang YY, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2012; 40(2):516-33. [DOI:10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7] [PMID] [PMCID]
Greco M, Guida G, Perlino E, Marra E, Quagliariello E. Increase in RNA and protein synthesis by mitochondria irradiated with helium-neon laser. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 1989; 163(3):1428-34. [DOI:10.1016/0006-291X(89)91138-8]
Karu T. Primary and secondary mechanisms of action of visible to near-IR radiation on cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 1999; 49(1):1-17. [DOI:10.1016/S1011-1344(98)00219-X]
Chen AC, Arany PR, Huang YY, Tomkinson EM, Sharma SK, Kharkwal GB, et al. Low-Level Laser Therapy activates NF-kB via generation of reactive oxygen species in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLOS One. 2011; 6(7):e22453. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0022453]
Karu TI, Kolyakov S. Exact action spectra for cellular responses relevant to phototherapy. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy. 2005; 23(4):355-61. [DOI:10.1089/pho.2005.23.355] [PMID]
Serra AP, Ashmawi HA. Influence of naloxone and methysergide on the analgesic effects of low-level laser in an experimental pain model. Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia. 2010; 60(3):302-10. [DOI:10.1016/S0034-7094(10)70037-4]
Felson DT. Developments in the clinical understanding of Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2009; 11:203. [DOI:10.1186/ar2531] [PMID] [PMCID]
Gupta S, Hawker G, Laporte A, Croxford R, Coyte P. The economic burden of disabling hip and Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) from the perspective of individuals living with this condition. Rheumatology. 2005; 44(12):1531-7. [DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/kei049] [PMID]
Wallace IJ, Worthington S, Felson DT, Jurmain RD, Wren KT, Maijanen H, et al. Knee osteoarthritis has doubled in prevalence since the mid-20th century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2017; 114(35):9332-6. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703856114] [PMCID] [PMID]
O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ, Fulk G. Physical rehabilitation. Philadelphia: FA Davis; 2014.
Ho SC, Woo J, Chan SS, Yuen Y, Sham A. Risk factors for falls in the Chinese elderly population. The Journals of Gerontology Series A. 1996; 51(5):M195-M8. [DOI:10.1093/gerona/51A.5.M195] [PMID]
Klippel Je. Primer on the rheumatic diseases. Berlin: Springer; 2011.
Valdes AM, Spector TD. The contribution of genes to Osteoarthritis. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 2008; 34(3):581-603. [DOI:10.1016/j.rdc.2008.04.008] [PMID]
Felson DT. Risk factors for Osteoarthritis: Understanding joint vulnerability. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (1976-2007). 2004; (427 Suppl.):S16-S21. [PMID]
American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Rheumatoid Arthritis G. Guidelines for the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: 2002 Update. Arthritis & Rheumatology. 2002; 46(2):328-46. [PMID]
Hafez AR, Al-Johani AH, Zakaria AR, Al-Ahaideb A, Buragadda S, Melam GR, et al. Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis in relation to hamstring and quadriceps strength. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2013; 25(11):1401-5. [DOI:10.1589/jpts.25.1401] [PMID] [PMCID]
Welch V, Brosseau L, Casimiro L, Judd M, Shea B, Tugwell P, et al. Thermotherapy for treating Rheumatoid Arthritis. Hoboken: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; 2002.
Oosterveld FGJ, Rasker JJ. Effects of local heat and cold treatment on surface and articular temperature of arthritic knees. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 1994; 37(11):1578-82. [DOI:10.1002/art.1780371104]
Draper DO, Klyve D, Ortiz R, Best TM. Effect of low-intensity long-duration ultrasound on the symptomatic relief of Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. 2018; 13(1):257. [DOI:10.1186/s13018-018-0965-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
Atamaz FC, Durmaz B, Baydar M, Demircioglu OY, Iyiyapici A, Kuran B, et al. Comparison of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, interferential currents, and shortwave diathermy in Knee Osteoarthritis: A double-blind, randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2012; 93(5):748-56. [DOI:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.11.037] [PMID]
Brosseau L, Judd M, Marchand S, Robinson V, Tugwell P, Wells G, et al. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the hand. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003; 3(2):CD004377. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD004377]
Sharma L, Song J, Felson DT, Cahue S, Shamiyeh E, Dunlop DD. The role of knee alignment in disease progression and functional decline in Knee Osteoarthritis. JAMA. 2001; 286(2):188-95. [DOI:10.1001/jama.286.2.188] [PMID]
Herrington L, Payton CJ. Effects of corrective taping of the patella on patients with patellofemoral pain. Physiotherapy. 1997; 83(11):566-72. [DOI:10.1016/S0031-9406(05)65961-5]
Tang L, Jia P, Zhao L, Kang D, Luo Y, Liu J, et al. Acupuncture treatment for Knee Osteoarthritis with sensitive points: Protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(10):e023838. [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023838] [PMID] [PMCID]
Ganji R, Pakniat A, Armat MR, Tabatabaeichehr M, Mortazavi H. The effect of self-management educational program on pain intensity in elderly patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized clinical trial. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2018; 6(6):1062-6. [DOI:10.3889/oamjms.2018.225]
Brosseau L, Wells G, Marchand S, Gaboury I, Stokes B, Morin M, et al. Randomized controlled trial on Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 2005;36(3):210-9. [DOI:10.1002/lsm.20137] [PMID]
Farivar S, Malekshahabi T, Shiari R. Biological effects of low level laser therapy. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2014; 5(2):58-62. [PMID] [PMCID]
Rayegani SM, Raeissadat SA, Heidari S, Moradi-Joo M. Safety and effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2017; 8(Suppl. 1):S12-9. [DOI:10.15171/jlms.2017.s3] [PMID] [PMCID]
Brosseau L, Welch V, Wells G, DeBie R, Gam A, Harman K, et al. Low Level Laser Therapy (Classes I, II and III) for treating Osteoarthritis. Cochrane Library: Cochrane Reviews. 2004(3):Cd002046. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD002046.pub2]
Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS pain), Numeric Rating Scale for pain (NRS pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short‐Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form‐36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF‐36 BPS), and measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain (ICOAP). Arthritis Care & Research. 2011; 63(S11):S240-S52. [DOI:10.1002/acr.20543] [PMID]
Tascioglu F, Armagan O, Tabak Y, Corapci I, Oner C. Low power laser treatment in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Swiss Medical Weekly. 2004; 134(17-18):254-8. [PMID]
Bülow P, Jensen H, Danneskiold-Samsøe B. Low power Ga-Al-As laser treatment of painful Osteoarthritis of the knee. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 1994; 26(3):155-9. [PMID]
Huang Z, Ma J, Chen J, Shen B, Pei F, Kraus VB. The effectiveness of Low-Level Laser Therapy for nonspecific chronic low back pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2015; 17:360. [DOI:10.1186/s13075-015-0882-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
Hakguder A, Birtane M, Gurcan S, Kokino S, Turan FN. Efficacy of Low Level Laser Therapy in myofascial pain syndrome: An algometric and thermographic evaluation. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine. 2003; 33(5):339-43. [DOI:10.1002/lsm.10241] [PMID]
Laakso EL, Richardson C, Cramond T. Pain scores and side effects in response to Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for myofascial trigger points. Laser Therapy. 1997; 9(2):67-72. [DOI:10.5978/islsm.9.67]
Kreisel V, Weber M. A practical handbook: Laser acupuncture- successful treatment concepts. Vancouver: Eastern Currents Distributing; 2012.
Hinman RS, McCrory P, Pirotta M, Relf I, Forbes A, Crossley KM, et al. Acupuncture for chronic knee pain: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014; 312(13):1313-22. [DOI:10.1001/jama.2014.12660] [PMID]
Helianthi DR, Simadibrata C, Srilestari A, Wahyudi ER, Hidayat R. Pain reduction after laser acupuncture treatment in geriatric patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Medica Indonesiana. 2016; 48(2):114-21. [PMID]
Al Rashoud A, Abboud R, Wang W, Wigderowitz C. Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy applied at acupuncture points in Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomised double-blind comparative trial. Physiotherapy. 2014; 100(3):242-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.physio.2013.09.007] [PMID]
Yurtkuran M, Alp A, Konur S, Özçakir S, Bingol U. Laser acupuncture in Knee Osteoarthritis: A double-blind, randomized controlled study. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy. 2007; 25(1):14-20. [DOI:10.1089/pho.2006.1093] [PMID]
Shen X, Zhao L, Ding G, Tan M, Gao J, Wang L, et al. Effect of combined laser acupuncture on Knee Osteoarthritis: A pilot study. Lasers in Medical Science. 2009; 24(2):129-36. [DOI:10.1007/s10103-007-0536-9] [PMID]
Kellgren J, Lawrence JS. Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1957; 16(4):494-502. [DOI:10.1136/ard.22.4.237] [PMID] [PMCID]
Kheshie AR, Alayat MSM, Ali MME. High-intensity versus Low-Level Laser Therapy in the treatment of patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Lasers in Medical Science. 2014; 29(4):1371-6. [DOI:10.1007/s10103-014-1529-0] [PMID]
Chow SC. Sample size calculations in clinical research. Didcot, England: Taylor & Francis Group; 2008.
White A, Cummings M, Filshie J. An introduction to western medical acupuncture. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2008.
Anwer S, Alghadir A. Effect of isometric quadriceps exercise on muscle strength, pain, and function in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled study. Journal of Physical Therapy Science. 2014; 26(5):745-8. [DOI:10.1589/jpts.26.745] [PMID] [PMCID]
Terkawi AS, Tsang S, Abolkhair A, Alsharif M, Alswiti M, Alsadoun A, et al. Development and validation of Arabic version of the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2017; 11(Suppl. 1):S2-S10. [DOI:10.4103/sja.SJA_130_17]
Bellamy N, Buchanan WW, Goldsmith CH, Campbell J, Stitt LW. Validation study of WOMAC: A health status instrument for measuring clinically important patient relevant outcomes to antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with Osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. The Journal of Rheumatology. 1988; 15(12):1833-40. [PMID]
Guermazi M, Poiraudeau S, Yahia M, Mezganni M, Fermanian J, Elleuch MH, et al. Translation, adaptation and validation of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) for an Arab population: The S fax modified WOMAC. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 2004; 12(6):459-68. [DOI:10.1016/j.joca.2004.02.006] [PMID]
Gerhardt JJ, Rondinelli RD. Goniometric techniques for range-of-motion assessment. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics. 2001; 12(3):507-28. [DOI:10.1016/S1047-9651(18)30047-0]
World Association for Laser Therapy. Recommended treatment doses for Low Level Laser Therapy [Internet]. 2010 [Updated 12 April 2010]. Available from: http://waltza.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Dose_table_904nm_for_Low_Level_Laser_Therapy_WALT-2010.pdf
Schikora D. Laserneedle acupuncture: A critical review and recent results. Medical Acupuncture. 2008; 20(1):37-42. [DOI:10.1089/acu.2007.0606]
Fukuda VO, Fukuda TY, Guimarães M, Shiwa S, de Lima BDC, Martins RÁBL, et al. Short-term efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: a randomized placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Revista Brasileira de Ortopedia (English Edition). 2011; 46(5):526-33. [DOI:10.1590/S0102-36162011000500008]
Rayegani SM, Bahrami MH, Elyaspour D, Saeidi M, Sanjari H. Therapeutic effects of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Knee Osteoarthritis, compared to therapeutic ultrasound. Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences. 2012; 3(2):71-4. [DOI:10.22037/2010.v3i2.2830]
Hegedűs B, Viharos L, Gervain M, Gálfi M. The effect of low-level laser in Knee Osteoarthritis: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. 2009; 27(4):577-84. [DOI:10.1089/pho.2008.2297] [PMID] [PMCID]
Chung H, Dai T, Sharma SK, Huang YY, Carroll JD, Hamblin MR. The nuts and bolts of low-level laser (light) therapy. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 2012; 40(2):516-33. [DOI:10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7] [PMID] [PMCID]
Greco M, Guida G, Perlino E, Marra E, Quagliariello E. Increase in RNA and protein synthesis by mitochondria irradiated with helium-neon laser. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 1989; 163(3):1428-34. [DOI:10.1016/0006-291X(89)91138-8]
Karu T. Primary and secondary mechanisms of action of visible to near-IR radiation on cells. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. 1999; 49(1):1-17. [DOI:10.1016/S1011-1344(98)00219-X]
Chen AC, Arany PR, Huang YY, Tomkinson EM, Sharma SK, Kharkwal GB, et al. Low-Level Laser Therapy activates NF-kB via generation of reactive oxygen species in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. PLOS One. 2011; 6(7):e22453. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0022453]
Karu TI, Kolyakov S. Exact action spectra for cellular responses relevant to phototherapy. Photomedicine and Laser Therapy. 2005; 23(4):355-61. [DOI:10.1089/pho.2005.23.355] [PMID]
Serra AP, Ashmawi HA. Influence of naloxone and methysergide on the analgesic effects of low-level laser in an experimental pain model. Revista Brasileira De Anestesiologia. 2010; 60(3):302-10. [DOI:10.1016/S0034-7094(10)70037-4]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 3 (2018) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Low-Level Laser Laser acupuncture Knee Osteoarthritis | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Lafta Mezaal A, Bashardoust Tajali S, Olyaei G, Jalaie S, Thweab Alwatifi S. Effects of Low-Level Laser Versus Laser Acupuncture in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. jmr. 2019;12(3):181-194.
