Letter to the Editor

Challenges in Refractive Correction in Duane Retraction Syndrome

Abstract

Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder characterized by limitation of horizontal eye movements, globe retraction, and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on attempted adduction. First described by Duane in 1905, DRS accounts for approximately 1–4% of all strabismus cases and most commonly presents as a unilateral condition with lefteye and female predominance.

Masoomian B, Akbari MR, Mirmohamadsadeghi A, Aghsaei Fard M, Khorrami-Nejad M, Hamad N, et al. Clinical characteristics and surgical approach in Duane retraction syndrome: a study of 691 patients. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 66(5):474-80. [DOI:10.1007/s10384-022-00931-2] [PMID]

Prasad P, Saxena A, Saxena R. Duane syndrome: An overview on the current management. Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology. 2023; 13(4):489-99. [DOI:10.4103/tjo.TJO-D-23-00078] [PMID] [PMCID]

O’Malley ER, Helveston EM, Ellis FD. Duane’s retraction syndrome-plus. West Deptford: SLACK Incorporated Thorofare, NJ; 1982. [DOI:10.3928/0191-3913-19820501-11] [PMID]

Mohan K, Sharma A, Pandav SS. Differences in epidemiological and clinical characteristics between various types of Duane retraction syndrome in 331 patients. Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. 2008; 12(6):576-80. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaapos.2008.04.015] [PMID]

Kekunnaya R, Gupta A, Sachdeva V, Krishnaiah S, Venkateshwar Rao B, Vashist U, et al. Duane retraction syndrome: series of 441 cases. Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus. 2012; 49(3):164-9. [DOI:10.3928/01913913-20111101-01] [PMID]

Akbari MR, Khorrami-Nejad M, Kangari H, Baghban AA, Pazouki MR. Ocular Naseri M. Ocular abnormal head posture: A literature review. Journal of Current Ophthalmology. 2022; 33(4):379-87. [DOI:10.4103/joco.joco_114_20] [PMID] [PMCID]

Akbari MR, Khorrami-Nejad M, Amiri MA, Baghban AA, Khosravi B, Nourizad S. Facial asymmetry in unilateral duane retraction syndrome. Optometry and Vision Science. 2019; 96(12):920-4. [DOI:10.1097/OPX.0000000000001452] [PMID]

Tredici TD, von Noorden GK. Are anisometropia and amblyopia common in Duane’s syndrome? West Deptford: SLACK Incorporated Thorofare, NJ; 1985. [DOI:10.3928/0191-3913-19850101-08] [PMID]

Khorrami-Nejad M, Akbari MR, Sadeghi M, Masoomian B, Mirmohammadsadeghi A, Mohsin MK, et al. Refractive features and amblyopia in Duane’s Retraction Syndrome: A review of the 582 patients. Journal of Optometry. 2024; 17(3):100508. [DOI:10.1016/j.optom.2023.100508] [PMID] [PMCID]

Kirkham TH. Anisometropia and amblyopia in Duane's syndrome. American Journal of Ophthalmology. 1970; 69(5):774-7. [DOI:10.1016/0002-9394(70)93419-7]

Yuzbasıoglu S, Icoz M, Yaman D, Yulek F. Relationship between retraction and refraction values in patients with Duane’s retraction syndrome. Journal Français d’Ophtalmologie. 2024; 47(7):104214. [DOI:10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104214] [PMID]

Murthy SR, Gupta K. Refractive profile in Duane retraction syndrome. Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022; 30(1):2-5. [DOI:10.4103/njo.njo_5_21]

Brock FW, Givner I. Fixation anomalies in amblyopia. AMA Archives of Ophthalmology. 1952; 47(6):775-86. [DOI:10.1001/archopht.1952.01700030794008] [PMID]

IssueVol 20 No 3 (2026) QRcode
SectionLetter to the Editor
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v20i3.22525
Keywords
Duane retraction syndrome Refractive error Amblyopia Anisometropia Abnormal head posture

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Khorrami-Nejad M, Nashee Jaber H. Challenges in Refractive Correction in Duane Retraction Syndrome. jmr. 2026;20(3):230-232.