Effects of Vitamins on Auditory and Vestibular Systems: Narrative Review
,
Abstract
Introduction: Hearing and balance are vital body functions that allow us to communicate with our surroundings and effectively participate in everyday activities. These two functions are influenced by a variety of factors, including vitamins. In this article, we will examine the role of vitamins on hearing and balance, and the effects of deficiencies in these nutrients on ear and balance health.
Materials and Methods: This review examined the effects of vitamins on hearing. We identified 71 studies published since 2000 through searches of Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, EBSCO, ASHA, Thieme and the ProQuest.
Results: Evidence suggests that vitamins A, B, C, D, and E are associated with auditory and vestibular health. Deficiencies in these vitamins have been linked to hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and impaired inner ear function. In particular, vitamins A and E support hair cell integrity and protect against oxidative stress, while B and C vitamins contribute to neural function. Vitamin D is also important for vestibular health through its role in calcium regulation.
Conclusion: Ensuring adequate intake of these vitamins through diet or supplementation may help prevent hearing and balance disorders and improve quality of life
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2. Tufail T, Bader Ul Ain H, Noreen S, Ikram A, Arshad MT, Abdullahi MA. Nutritional benefits of lycopene and beta‐carotene: A comprehensive overview. Food Science & Nutrition. 2024;12(11):8715-41.
3. Jung SY, Kim SH, Yeo SG. Association of nutritional factors with hearing loss. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):307.
4. Martínez-Vega R, Garrido F, Partearroyo T, Cediel R, Zeisel SH, Martinez-Alvarez C, et al. Folic acid deficiency induces premature hearing loss through mechanisms involving cochlear oxidative stress and impairment of homocysteine metabolism. The FASEB Journal. 2014;29(2):418.
5. Mohan A, Kumar R, Kumar V, Yadav M. Homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate level: Possible risk factors in the progression of chronic heart and kidney disorders. Current Cardiology Reviews. 2023;19(4):66-83.
6. Mehrkian S, Moossavi A, Gohari N, Nazari MA, Bakhshi E, Alain C. Long latency auditory evoked potentials and object-related negativity based on harmonicity in hearing-impaired children. Neuroscience Research. 2022;178:52-9.
7. Fakhri J, Rouhbakhsh N, Hoseinabadi R, Fatahi F, Sepehernejad M, Roghani Z. Investigating quick speech-in-noise comprehension in adult bimodal users. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2021.
8. Nushin S, Saghar A, Nasrin G. Determining the quality of life in the elderly with high frequency hearing loss before and after hearing aid fitting. Auditory and Vestibular Research. 2018;27(2).
9. Nasrin G, Ebtesam S, Zoleikha A, Bahare K. A comparative study on the general health of the mothers of children with cochlear implant, hearing aid, and normal hearing. Auditory and Vestibular Research. 2020;29(2).
10. Abbasi M, Pourrajab B, Tokhi MO. Protective effects of vitamins/antioxidants on occupational noise-induced hearing loss: A systematic review. Journal of occupational health. 2021;63(1):e12217.
11. Schellack G, Harirari P, Schellack N. Vitamin B-complex deficiency, supplementation and management. SA Pharmaceutical Journal. 2019;86(3):23-9.
12. Vitamin B. Vitamins: Functions and Uses in Medicine. The Permanente Journal. 2022;26(2).
13. Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Dragan G, Majsterek I. The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in humans. Bioscience Reports. 2023;43(10):BSR20230374.
14. Pinto J, Rivlin R. Riboflavin (vitamin B2). Handbook of vitamins. 2013;5:191-266.
15. Sarwar MF, Sarwar MH. Deficiency of Vitamin B-Complex and Its Relation with Body. B-Complex Vitamins: Sources, Intakes and Novel Applications. 2022:79.
16. Rucker RB, Bauerly K. Pantothenic acid. Handbook of vitamins. 2013;5.
17. Parra M, Stahl S, Hellmann H. Vitamin B6 and its role in cell metabolism and physiology. Cells. 2018;7(7):84.
18. Tardy A-L, Pouteau E, Marquez D, Yilmaz C, Scholey A. Vitamins and minerals for energy, fatigue and cognition: a narrative review of the biochemical and clinical evidence. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):228.
19. Von Fraunhofer J. Vitamin B9 and Health. Ecronicon Dental Science. 2019;18(6):1331-5.
20. Fava M, Mischoulon D. Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2009;70(5):12-7.
21. Maqbool MA, Aslam M, Akbar W, Iqbal Z. Biological importance of vitamins for human health: A review. J Agric Basic Sci. 2017;2(3):50-8.
22. Chiarella G, Marcianò G, Viola P, Palleria C, Pisani D, Rania V, et al. Nutraceuticals for peripheral vestibular pathology: properties, usefulness, future perspectives and medico-legal aspects. Nutrients. 2021;13(10):3646.
23. Karli R, Gül A, Uğur B. Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on otoacoustic emissions. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 2013;33(4):243.
24. Berkiten G, Yildirim G, Topaloglu I, Ugras H. Vitamin B12 levels in patients with tinnitus and effectiveness of vitamin B12 treatment on hearing threshold and tinnitus. B-ent. 2013;9(2):111-6.
25. Akyay A, Soylu E, Ünsal S, Demirol H, Bahçeci S. Hearing status in vitamin B12‐deficient children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2021;57(7):1060-6.
26. Özdemir D, Mehel DM, Küçüköner Ö, Ağrı İ, Yemiş T, Akgül G, et al. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with low vitamin B12 levels. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal. 2021;100(5):NP231-NP5.
27. Mathew AR, Di Matteo G, La Rosa P, Barbati SA, Mannina L, Moreno S, et al. Vitamin B12 Deficiency and the Nervous System: Beyond Metabolic Decompensation—Comparing Biological Models and Gaining New Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024;25(1):590.
28. Singh C, Kawatra R, Gupta J, Awasthi V, Dungana H. Therapeutic role of Vitamin B12 in patients of chronic tinnitus: A pilot study. Noise Health. 2016;18(81):93-7.
29. Rodrigues J, Anand S, Gunjawate DR, Kumar K, Ravi R. Exploring the Intricate Connection Between Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Hearing Loss: A Systematic Literature Review. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal. 2025:01455613241298070.
30. Rodrigues J, Anand S, Gunjawate DR, Kumar K, Ravi R. Exploring the Intricate Connection Between Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Hearing Loss: A Systematic Literature Review. Ear Nose Throat J. 2025:1455613241298070.
31. Ghazavi H, Kargoshaie A-A, Jamshidi-Koohsari M. Investigation of vitamin D levels in patients with Sudden Sensory-Neural Hearing Loss and its effect on treatment. American journal of otolaryngology. 2020;41(2):102327.
32. Kose Celebi N, Deveci HS, Kulekci Ozturk S, Aslan Dundar T. Clinical role of vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate levels and hematological parameters in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2023;143(7):596-601.
33. Abu-Zaid A, Abu-Zaid S, Barakat M, Al-Huniti R, Khair H. Effectiveness of combination therapy of magnesium, vitamin B2 and Co-enzyme 10 supplementation on vestibular migraine: a retrospective cohort study. Pharmacia (0428-0296). 2024;71(1).
34. Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1211.
35. Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free radical biology and medicine. 2011;51(5):1000-13.
36. Kang JW, Choi HS, Kim K, Choi JY. Dietary vitamin intake correlates with hearing thresholds in the older population: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014;99(6):1407-13.
37. Choi Y-H, Miller JM, Tucker KL, Hu H, Park SK. Antioxidant vitamins and magnesium and the risk of hearing loss in the US general population. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2014;99(1):148-55.
38. Li H, Yang X, Song Y, Zhu Q, Liao Z, Liang Y, et al. PRRSV infection activates NLRP3 inflammasome through inducing cytosolic mitochondrial DNA stress. Veterinary Microbiology. 2023;279:109673.
39. Le Prell CG, Gagnon PM, Bennett DC, Ohlemiller KK. Nutrient-enhanced diet reduces noise-induced damage to the inner ear and hearing loss. Translational Research. 2011;158(1):38-53.
40. McFadden SL, Woo JM, Michalak N, Ding D. Dietary vitamin C supplementation reduces noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. Hear Res. 2005;202(1-2):200-8.
41. Tokgöz SA, Vuralkan E, Sonbay ND, Çalişkan M, Saka C, Beşalti Ö, et al. Protective effects of vitamins E, B and C and L-carnitine in the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats. J Laryngol Otol. 2012;126(5):464-9.
42. Cao W, Xiong S, Ji W, Wei H, Ma F, Mao L. Neuroprotection Role of Vitamin C by Upregulating Glutamate Transporter-1 in Auditory Cortex of Noise-Induced Tinnitus Animal Model. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2024;15(6):1197-205.
43. Carazo A, Macáková K, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Protti M, Mladěnka P. Vitamin A update: forms, sources, kinetics, detection, function, deficiency, therapeutic use and toxicity. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1703.
44. Aydogan F, Aydin E, Tastan E, Arslan N, Senes M, Unlu I, et al. Is there a relationship between serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, copper and zinc and otitis media with effusion in children? Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2013;65(Suppl 3):594-7.
45. Rodrigo L, Campos-Asensio C, Rodríguez MÁ, Crespo I, Olmedillas H. Role of nutrition in the development and prevention of age-related hearing loss: A scoping review. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2021;120(1):107-20.
46. Ibrahim I, Zeitouni A, da Silva SD. Effect of antioxidant vitamins as adjuvant therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: systematic review study. Audiology and Neurotology. 2018;23(1):1-7.
47. Curhan SG, Stankovic KM, Eavey RD, Wang M, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate and risk of self-reported hearing loss in women. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2015;102(5):1167-75.
48. Gopinath B, Flood V, McMahon C, Burlutsky G, Spankovich C, Hood LJ, et al. Dietary antioxidant intake is associated with the prevalence but not incidence of age-related hearing loss. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2011;15(10):896-900.
49. Gao L, Tona Y, Omori K. Spatiotemporal expression of CWC27 spliceosome-associated protein (CWC27) in the developing mouse inner ear. Gene Expr Patterns. 2025;56:119400.
50. Emmett SD, West KP, Jr. Gestational vitamin A deficiency: a novel cause of sensorineural hearing loss in the developing world? Med Hypotheses. 2014;82(1):6-10.
51. Schmitz J, West KP, Jr., Khatry SK, Wu L, Leclerq SC, Karna SL, et al. Vitamin A supplementation in preschool children and risk of hearing loss as adolescents and young adults in rural Nepal: randomised trial cohort follow-up study. Bmj. 2012;344:d7962.
52. Ravisankar P, Reddy AA, Nagalakshmi B, Koushik OS, Kumar BV, Anvith PS. The comprehensive review on fat soluble vitamins. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy. 2015;5(11):12-28.
53. Wang H, Chen W, Li D, Yin X, Zhang X, Olsen N, et al. Vitamin D and chronic diseases. Aging and disease. 2017;8(3):346.
54. Kupisz-Urbańska M, Płudowski P, Marcinowska-Suchowierska E. Vitamin D deficiency in older patients—problems of sarcopenia, drug interactions, management in deficiency. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1247.
55. Galesanu C, Mocanu V. Vitamin D deficiency and the clinical consequences. The Medical-Surgical Journal. 2015;119(2):310-8.
56. Aiello G, Lombardo M, Baldelli S. Exploring vitamin D synthesis and function in cardiovascular health: A narrative review. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(11):4339.
57. Taneja MK, Taneja V. Role of vitamin D in prevention of deafness. Medknow; 2012. p. 55-7.
58. Li H-B, Tai X-H, Sang Y-H, Jia J-P, Xu Z-M, Cui X-F, et al. Association between vitamin D and development of otitis media: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis and systematic review. Medicine. 2016;95(40):e4739.
59. Aydogan F, Aydin E, Tastan E, Arslan N, Senes M, Unlu I, et al. Is there a relationship between serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, copper and zinc and otitis media with effusion in children? Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2013;65:594-7.
60. Lee YJ, Jung JH, Chung JW. The Relationship Between Lower Vitamin D Levels and Hearing Loss in Older Adults. Journal of Audiology & Otology. 2024;28(4):252.
61. Hamayal M, Khurshied S, Zahid MA, Khurshid N, Shahid W, Ali M, et al. Exploring the Significance of Vitamin D Levels as a Biomarker in Ear Diseases: A Narrative Review. Cureus. 2024;16(2).
62. Libonati GA, Leone A, Martellucci S, Gallo A, Albera R, Lucisano S, et al. Prevention of recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: the role of combined supplementation with vitamin D and antioxidants. Audiology Research. 2022;12(4):445-56.
63. Shen X, Yang M, Tian J, Xie L, Feng N, Ma R. Clinical efficacy of vitamin D combined with conventional therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized controlled trial. Head Face Med. 2025;21(1):68.
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2. Tufail T, Bader Ul Ain H, Noreen S, Ikram A, Arshad MT, Abdullahi MA. Nutritional benefits of lycopene and beta‐carotene: A comprehensive overview. Food Science & Nutrition. 2024;12(11):8715-41.
3. Jung SY, Kim SH, Yeo SG. Association of nutritional factors with hearing loss. Nutrients. 2019;11(2):307.
4. Martínez-Vega R, Garrido F, Partearroyo T, Cediel R, Zeisel SH, Martinez-Alvarez C, et al. Folic acid deficiency induces premature hearing loss through mechanisms involving cochlear oxidative stress and impairment of homocysteine metabolism. The FASEB Journal. 2014;29(2):418.
5. Mohan A, Kumar R, Kumar V, Yadav M. Homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate level: Possible risk factors in the progression of chronic heart and kidney disorders. Current Cardiology Reviews. 2023;19(4):66-83.
6. Mehrkian S, Moossavi A, Gohari N, Nazari MA, Bakhshi E, Alain C. Long latency auditory evoked potentials and object-related negativity based on harmonicity in hearing-impaired children. Neuroscience Research. 2022;178:52-9.
7. Fakhri J, Rouhbakhsh N, Hoseinabadi R, Fatahi F, Sepehernejad M, Roghani Z. Investigating quick speech-in-noise comprehension in adult bimodal users. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2021.
8. Nushin S, Saghar A, Nasrin G. Determining the quality of life in the elderly with high frequency hearing loss before and after hearing aid fitting. Auditory and Vestibular Research. 2018;27(2).
9. Nasrin G, Ebtesam S, Zoleikha A, Bahare K. A comparative study on the general health of the mothers of children with cochlear implant, hearing aid, and normal hearing. Auditory and Vestibular Research. 2020;29(2).
10. Abbasi M, Pourrajab B, Tokhi MO. Protective effects of vitamins/antioxidants on occupational noise-induced hearing loss: A systematic review. Journal of occupational health. 2021;63(1):e12217.
11. Schellack G, Harirari P, Schellack N. Vitamin B-complex deficiency, supplementation and management. SA Pharmaceutical Journal. 2019;86(3):23-9.
12. Vitamin B. Vitamins: Functions and Uses in Medicine. The Permanente Journal. 2022;26(2).
13. Mrowicka M, Mrowicki J, Dragan G, Majsterek I. The importance of thiamine (vitamin B1) in humans. Bioscience Reports. 2023;43(10):BSR20230374.
14. Pinto J, Rivlin R. Riboflavin (vitamin B2). Handbook of vitamins. 2013;5:191-266.
15. Sarwar MF, Sarwar MH. Deficiency of Vitamin B-Complex and Its Relation with Body. B-Complex Vitamins: Sources, Intakes and Novel Applications. 2022:79.
16. Rucker RB, Bauerly K. Pantothenic acid. Handbook of vitamins. 2013;5.
17. Parra M, Stahl S, Hellmann H. Vitamin B6 and its role in cell metabolism and physiology. Cells. 2018;7(7):84.
18. Tardy A-L, Pouteau E, Marquez D, Yilmaz C, Scholey A. Vitamins and minerals for energy, fatigue and cognition: a narrative review of the biochemical and clinical evidence. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):228.
19. Von Fraunhofer J. Vitamin B9 and Health. Ecronicon Dental Science. 2019;18(6):1331-5.
20. Fava M, Mischoulon D. Folate in depression: efficacy, safety, differences in formulations, and clinical issues. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2009;70(5):12-7.
21. Maqbool MA, Aslam M, Akbar W, Iqbal Z. Biological importance of vitamins for human health: A review. J Agric Basic Sci. 2017;2(3):50-8.
22. Chiarella G, Marcianò G, Viola P, Palleria C, Pisani D, Rania V, et al. Nutraceuticals for peripheral vestibular pathology: properties, usefulness, future perspectives and medico-legal aspects. Nutrients. 2021;13(10):3646.
23. Karli R, Gül A, Uğur B. Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on otoacoustic emissions. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica. 2013;33(4):243.
24. Berkiten G, Yildirim G, Topaloglu I, Ugras H. Vitamin B12 levels in patients with tinnitus and effectiveness of vitamin B12 treatment on hearing threshold and tinnitus. B-ent. 2013;9(2):111-6.
25. Akyay A, Soylu E, Ünsal S, Demirol H, Bahçeci S. Hearing status in vitamin B12‐deficient children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health. 2021;57(7):1060-6.
26. Özdemir D, Mehel DM, Küçüköner Ö, Ağrı İ, Yemiş T, Akgül G, et al. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with low vitamin B12 levels. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal. 2021;100(5):NP231-NP5.
27. Mathew AR, Di Matteo G, La Rosa P, Barbati SA, Mannina L, Moreno S, et al. Vitamin B12 Deficiency and the Nervous System: Beyond Metabolic Decompensation—Comparing Biological Models and Gaining New Insights into Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024;25(1):590.
28. Singh C, Kawatra R, Gupta J, Awasthi V, Dungana H. Therapeutic role of Vitamin B12 in patients of chronic tinnitus: A pilot study. Noise Health. 2016;18(81):93-7.
29. Rodrigues J, Anand S, Gunjawate DR, Kumar K, Ravi R. Exploring the Intricate Connection Between Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Hearing Loss: A Systematic Literature Review. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal. 2025:01455613241298070.
30. Rodrigues J, Anand S, Gunjawate DR, Kumar K, Ravi R. Exploring the Intricate Connection Between Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Hearing Loss: A Systematic Literature Review. Ear Nose Throat J. 2025:1455613241298070.
31. Ghazavi H, Kargoshaie A-A, Jamshidi-Koohsari M. Investigation of vitamin D levels in patients with Sudden Sensory-Neural Hearing Loss and its effect on treatment. American journal of otolaryngology. 2020;41(2):102327.
32. Kose Celebi N, Deveci HS, Kulekci Ozturk S, Aslan Dundar T. Clinical role of vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate levels and hematological parameters in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 2023;143(7):596-601.
33. Abu-Zaid A, Abu-Zaid S, Barakat M, Al-Huniti R, Khair H. Effectiveness of combination therapy of magnesium, vitamin B2 and Co-enzyme 10 supplementation on vestibular migraine: a retrospective cohort study. Pharmacia (0428-0296). 2024;71(1).
34. Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and immune function. Nutrients. 2017;9(11):1211.
35. Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free radical biology and medicine. 2011;51(5):1000-13.
36. Kang JW, Choi HS, Kim K, Choi JY. Dietary vitamin intake correlates with hearing thresholds in the older population: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014;99(6):1407-13.
37. Choi Y-H, Miller JM, Tucker KL, Hu H, Park SK. Antioxidant vitamins and magnesium and the risk of hearing loss in the US general population. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2014;99(1):148-55.
38. Li H, Yang X, Song Y, Zhu Q, Liao Z, Liang Y, et al. PRRSV infection activates NLRP3 inflammasome through inducing cytosolic mitochondrial DNA stress. Veterinary Microbiology. 2023;279:109673.
39. Le Prell CG, Gagnon PM, Bennett DC, Ohlemiller KK. Nutrient-enhanced diet reduces noise-induced damage to the inner ear and hearing loss. Translational Research. 2011;158(1):38-53.
40. McFadden SL, Woo JM, Michalak N, Ding D. Dietary vitamin C supplementation reduces noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. Hear Res. 2005;202(1-2):200-8.
41. Tokgöz SA, Vuralkan E, Sonbay ND, Çalişkan M, Saka C, Beşalti Ö, et al. Protective effects of vitamins E, B and C and L-carnitine in the prevention of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats. J Laryngol Otol. 2012;126(5):464-9.
42. Cao W, Xiong S, Ji W, Wei H, Ma F, Mao L. Neuroprotection Role of Vitamin C by Upregulating Glutamate Transporter-1 in Auditory Cortex of Noise-Induced Tinnitus Animal Model. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2024;15(6):1197-205.
43. Carazo A, Macáková K, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Protti M, Mladěnka P. Vitamin A update: forms, sources, kinetics, detection, function, deficiency, therapeutic use and toxicity. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1703.
44. Aydogan F, Aydin E, Tastan E, Arslan N, Senes M, Unlu I, et al. Is there a relationship between serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, copper and zinc and otitis media with effusion in children? Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2013;65(Suppl 3):594-7.
45. Rodrigo L, Campos-Asensio C, Rodríguez MÁ, Crespo I, Olmedillas H. Role of nutrition in the development and prevention of age-related hearing loss: A scoping review. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2021;120(1):107-20.
46. Ibrahim I, Zeitouni A, da Silva SD. Effect of antioxidant vitamins as adjuvant therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: systematic review study. Audiology and Neurotology. 2018;23(1):1-7.
47. Curhan SG, Stankovic KM, Eavey RD, Wang M, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC. Carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate and risk of self-reported hearing loss in women. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2015;102(5):1167-75.
48. Gopinath B, Flood V, McMahon C, Burlutsky G, Spankovich C, Hood LJ, et al. Dietary antioxidant intake is associated with the prevalence but not incidence of age-related hearing loss. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2011;15(10):896-900.
49. Gao L, Tona Y, Omori K. Spatiotemporal expression of CWC27 spliceosome-associated protein (CWC27) in the developing mouse inner ear. Gene Expr Patterns. 2025;56:119400.
50. Emmett SD, West KP, Jr. Gestational vitamin A deficiency: a novel cause of sensorineural hearing loss in the developing world? Med Hypotheses. 2014;82(1):6-10.
51. Schmitz J, West KP, Jr., Khatry SK, Wu L, Leclerq SC, Karna SL, et al. Vitamin A supplementation in preschool children and risk of hearing loss as adolescents and young adults in rural Nepal: randomised trial cohort follow-up study. Bmj. 2012;344:d7962.
52. Ravisankar P, Reddy AA, Nagalakshmi B, Koushik OS, Kumar BV, Anvith PS. The comprehensive review on fat soluble vitamins. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy. 2015;5(11):12-28.
53. Wang H, Chen W, Li D, Yin X, Zhang X, Olsen N, et al. Vitamin D and chronic diseases. Aging and disease. 2017;8(3):346.
54. Kupisz-Urbańska M, Płudowski P, Marcinowska-Suchowierska E. Vitamin D deficiency in older patients—problems of sarcopenia, drug interactions, management in deficiency. Nutrients. 2021;13(4):1247.
55. Galesanu C, Mocanu V. Vitamin D deficiency and the clinical consequences. The Medical-Surgical Journal. 2015;119(2):310-8.
56. Aiello G, Lombardo M, Baldelli S. Exploring vitamin D synthesis and function in cardiovascular health: A narrative review. Applied Sciences. 2024;14(11):4339.
57. Taneja MK, Taneja V. Role of vitamin D in prevention of deafness. Medknow; 2012. p. 55-7.
58. Li H-B, Tai X-H, Sang Y-H, Jia J-P, Xu Z-M, Cui X-F, et al. Association between vitamin D and development of otitis media: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis and systematic review. Medicine. 2016;95(40):e4739.
59. Aydogan F, Aydin E, Tastan E, Arslan N, Senes M, Unlu I, et al. Is there a relationship between serum levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, copper and zinc and otitis media with effusion in children? Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2013;65:594-7.
60. Lee YJ, Jung JH, Chung JW. The Relationship Between Lower Vitamin D Levels and Hearing Loss in Older Adults. Journal of Audiology & Otology. 2024;28(4):252.
61. Hamayal M, Khurshied S, Zahid MA, Khurshid N, Shahid W, Ali M, et al. Exploring the Significance of Vitamin D Levels as a Biomarker in Ear Diseases: A Narrative Review. Cureus. 2024;16(2).
62. Libonati GA, Leone A, Martellucci S, Gallo A, Albera R, Lucisano S, et al. Prevention of recurrent benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: the role of combined supplementation with vitamin D and antioxidants. Audiology Research. 2022;12(4):445-56.
63. Shen X, Yang M, Tian J, Xie L, Feng N, Ma R. Clinical efficacy of vitamin D combined with conventional therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with vitamin D deficiency: a randomized controlled trial. Head Face Med. 2025;21(1):68.
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| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Vitamin; Auditory; Vestibular | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Mellati A, Gohari N, Mansouri N, Mansouri M. Effects of Vitamins on Auditory and Vestibular Systems: Narrative Review. jmr. 2025;(-).
