Developing a Narrative Test and Determining its Psychometric Properties for Persian-Speaking Children Aged 4 to 5 years
Abstract
Objectives: Between ages 2-7, children develop the ability to narrate stories with improved detail and organization, including main characters, events, responses, efforts, and settings. Narrative assessment, a tool for evaluating language development, allows speech pathologists to examine syntax, vocabulary, and complexity. This study aimed to develop a tool for evaluating storytelling skills in children aged 4-5.
Results: The speech therapists evaluated and confirmed the face validity of the story and images, implementing necessary adjustments.. Construct validity was significant (P = 0.000), indicating alignment with typical development. Inter-evaluator reliability (k=0.712) and test-retest reliability (r=0.591) were moderate to good. Internal consistency varied, with α > 0.5 in one story and α < 0.5 in others.
Discussion: The findings indicate that the test demonstrates validity and moderate reliability, suggesting its suitability for practical applications
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2. Beytollahi, S., Z. Soleymani, and S.J.I.J.o.M.S. Jalaie, The development of a new test for consecutive assessment of narrative skills in Iranian school-age children. 2020. 45(6): p. 425.
3. Isbell, R., et al., The effects of storytelling and story reading on the oral language complexity and story comprehension of young children. 2004. 32: p. 157-163.
4. Wellman, R.L., Narrative Ability of Children with Speech and Language Deficits and its Potential to Predict Later Literacy Skills. 2009, Case Western Reserve University.
5. Safwat, R.F., et al., Assessment of narrative skills in preschool children. 2013. 29: p. 130-135.
6. Justice, L.M., et al., A scalable tool for assessing children's language abilities within a narrative context: The NAP (Narrative Assessment Protocol). 2010. 25(2): p. 218-234.
7. Applebee, A.N., The child's concept of story: Ages two to seventeen. 1978.
8. Silva, M., K. Strasser, and K.J.E.C.R.Q. Cain, Early narrative skills in Chilean preschool: Questions scaffold the production of coherent narratives. 2014. 29(2): p. 205-213.
9. Reese, E., et al., Maternal elaborative reminiscing increases low-income children's narrative skills relative to dialogic reading. 2010. 21(3): p. 318-342.
10. Hutchison, D., Gender differences in the macrostructural narrative language of second-grade African American children. 2012, Thesis, Ohio State University. Retrieved from http://kb. osu. edu/dspace ….
11. Melzi, G., A. Schick, and E.J.A.e.p. Bostwick, Latino children’s narrative competencies over the preschool years. 2013. 27(115): p. 1-14.
12. Nielsen, D.C., L.D. Friesen, and J.J.J.o.E. Fink, The effectiveness of a model of language-focused classroom instruction on the vocabulary and narrative development of kindergarten children. 2012. 192(2-3): p. 63-77.
13. Vernon-Feagans, L., et al., Early language and literacy skills in low-income African American and Hispanic children. 2001. 1: p. 192-210.
14. Bowles, R.P., et al., Development of the Narrative Assessment Protocol-2: A tool for examining young children's narrative skill. 2020. 51(2): p. 390-404.
15. Reilly, J., et al., “Frog, where are you?” Narratives in children with specific language impairment, early focal brain injury, and Williams syndrome. 2004. 88(2): p. 229-247.
16. Hipfner-Boucher, K., et al., Relationships between preschoolers’ oral language and phonological awareness. 2014. 34(2): p. 178-197.
17. Norbury, C.F., D.V.J.I.j.o.l. Bishop, and c. disorders, Narrative skills of children with communication impairments. 2003. 38(3): p. 287-313.
18. Pankratz, M.E., et al., The diagnostic and predictive validity of the Renfrew Bus Story. 2007.
19. Sebina, B., J. Setter, and M.J.I.J.o.B. Daller, The Setswana speech rhythm of 6–7 year-old Setswana–English bilingual children. 2021. 25(3): p. 592-605.
20. Mercer, M., Frog, where are you. 1969, New York: Dial Books for Young Readers.
21. Renfrew, C., At-A-Glance Test Review: The Renfrew Bus Story (RBS).
22. Westerveld, M.F. and G.T.J.I.J.o.S.-L.P. Gillon, Oral narrative context effects on poor readers' spoken language performance: Story retelling, story generation, and personal narratives. 2010. 12(2): p. 132-141.
23. Gagarina, N.j.V., et al., MAIN: Multilingual assessment instrument for narratives. 2012. 56: p. 155-155.
24. Soleymani, Z., et al., Language sample analysis: development of a valid language assessment tool and determining the reliability of outcome measures for Farsi-speaking children. 2016. 13(2): p. 275-291.
25. Jafari, S., et al., Developing a story retelling test for the assessment of language structure in Persian-speaking children. 2012. 21(3): p. 51-61.
26. Haynes, S.N., G.T. Smith, and J.D. Hunsley, Scientific foundations of clinical assessment. 2011: Routledge.
27. Bornstein, R.F., Face validity in psychological assessment: Implications for a unified model of validity. 1996.
28. Paul, R. and C. Norbury, Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence-E-Book: Language Disorders from Infancy Through Adolescence-E-Book. 2012: Elsevier Health Sciences.
29. Karami, A.J.T.R.P., Introduction to test construction and psychological tests. 2008.
30. Kline, P., Handbook of psychological testing. 2013: Routledge.
31. Owens Jr, R.E., Language development: An introduction. 2001: Allyn & Bacon.
32. Mohamadi, R., et al., Development of the Persian syntax comprehension test. 2019. 124: p. 22-29.
33. Demir, O. E., Levine, S. C., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2015). Narrative skill in children with early unilateral brain injury: A possible limit to compensation. Developmental Science, 18(1), 35-52.
| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Narration- Preschool Age - Psychometric properties-Persian | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Ardeshiri F, Mohammadi R, Chitgar E, Saffarian A. Developing a Narrative Test and Determining its Psychometric Properties for Persian-Speaking Children Aged 4 to 5 years. jmr. 2025;(-).
