The Effect of 6 Weeks Neuromuscular Training On Muscle Strength, Balance, Range of Motion & Proprioception In Males With Lateral Ankle Sprain
,
Abstract
Background: Ankle sprain is the most common injury among the sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of six weeks neuromuscular training on muscle strength, balance, range of motion and proprioception in subjects with ankle sprain.
Material and Methods: Seventeen patients with ankle sprain were randomly allocated into two groups, intervention group (n=9) and control group (n=8). Intervention group followed a prescribed neuromuscular training program; control group followed their normal training routine.
Results: There was a significant difference between muscle strength of Invertor muscles before and after a training in angular velocity of 60 degree/second (deg/sec) and before and after a training program in angular velocity of 120 deg/sec in intervention group (P<0.05). There was also significant difference between muscle strength of evertor muscles before and after a training program in angular velocity of 60 deg/sec and before and after a training in angular velocity of 120 deg/sec in intervention group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between overall balance score before and after a training in intervention group (P<0.05). There was not a significant difference between ROM before and after a training in intervention group (P>0.05). There was a significant difference between proprioception before and after a training in intervention group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that six weeks of neuromuscular training improve muscle strength, balance and proprioception in patients with lateral ankle sprain.
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3. Salemi P, Hosseini M, Daryabor A, Fereydounnia S, Smith JH. Trigger Point Dry Needling to Reduce Pain and Improve Function and Postural Control in People With Ankle Sprain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2024;23(1):23-36.
4. Cavazos Jr GJ, Harkless LB. The epidemiology, evaluation, and assessment of lateral ankle sprains in athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Therapy. 2021.
5. Martin RL, Davenport TE, Paulseth S, Wukich DK, Godges JJ, Altman RD, et al. Ankle stability and movement coordination impairments: ankle ligament sprains: clinical practice guidelines linked to the international classification of functioning, disability and health from the orthopaedic section of the American Physical Therapy Association. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2013;43(9):A1-A40.
6. Sekkehchi S, Tajali SB, Ashnagar Z, Majdi F. Investigating the Effects of Intrinsic Foot Muscle Exercises on Dynamic Balance after Sub-Acute Ankle Sprain. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2024;18(4):443-52.
7. Arnold BL, De La Motte S, Linens S, Ross SE. Ankle instability is associated with balance impairments: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(5):1048-62.
8. Munn J, Sullivan SJ, Schneiders AG. Evidence of sensorimotor deficits in functional ankle instability: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2010;13(1):2-12.
9. Wikstrom EA, Naik S, Lodha N, Cauraugh JH. Balance capabilities after lateral ankle trauma and intervention: a meta-analysis. Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE): Quality-assessed Reviews [Internet]: Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK); 2009.
10. Nashner L. A model describing vestibular detection of body sway motion. Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1971;72(1-6):429-36.
11. Mahdavi Jafari Z, Mahdavi Nejad R, Zolaktaf V, Sahebozamani M, Mahmodi Najafabadi A. The Comparison of Balance between Female Basketball Players with and without a History of Lateral Ankle Sprain. Journal of Exercise Science and Medicine. 2010;2(1):103-14.
12. Freeman M. Instability of the foot affer injuries to the lateral ligament of the ankle. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery British Volume. 1965;47(4):669-77.
13. Hoch MC, McKeon PO. Peroneal reaction time after ankle sprain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2014;46(3).
14. Hertel J, Corbett RO. An updated model of chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2019;54(6):572-88.
15. Shah S, Thomas AC, Noone JM, Blanchette CM, Wikstrom EA. Incidence and cost of ankle sprains in United States emergency departments. Sports health. 2016;8(6):547-52.
16. Tee E, Melbourne J, Sattler L, Hing W. Evidence for rehabilitation interventions after acute lateral ankle sprains in athletes: a scoping review. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 2021;31(4):457-64.
17. Hupperets MD, Verhagen EA, Van Mechelen W. Effect of unsupervised home based proprioceptive training on recurrences of ankle sprain: randomised controlled trial. Bmj. 2009;339.
18. Ismail MM, Ibrahim MM, Youssef EF, Shorbagy KME. Plyometric training versus resistive exercises after acute lateral ankle sprain. Foot & ankle international. 2010;31(6):523-30.
19. Van Der Linde E, Oschman Z. Comparative ultrasound study of acute lateral ankle ligament injuries rehabilitated with conventional and jump stretch flex band programmes s medicine. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance. 2011;17(si-1):591-602.
20. Engebretsen AH, Myklebust G, Holme I, Engebretsen L, Bahr R. Prevention of injuries among male soccer players: a prospective, randomized intervention study targeting players with previous injuries or reduced function. The American journal of sports medicine. 2008;36(6):1052-60.
21. Hall EA, Docherty CL, Simon J, Kingma JJ, Klossner JC. Strength-training protocols to improve deficits in participants with chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of athletic training. 2015;50(1):36-44.
22. Kaminski T, Buckley B, Powers M, Hubbard TJ, Ortiz C. Effect of strength and proprioception training on eversion to inversion strength ratios in subjects with unilateral functional ankle instability. British journal of sports medicine. 2003;37(5):410-5.
23. Smith BI, Docherty CL, Simon J, Klossner J, Schrader J. Ankle strength and force sense after a progressive, 6-week strength-training program in people with functional ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2012;47(3):282-8.
24. Docherty CL, Moore JH, Arnold BL. Effects of strength training on strength development and joint position sense in functionally unstable ankles. Journal of athletic training. 1998;33(4):310.
25. Linens SW, Ross SE, Arnold BL. Wobble board rehabilitation for improving balance in ankles with chronic instability. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2016;26(1):76-82.
26. McKeon PO, Ingersoll CD, Kerrigan DC, Saliba E, Bennett BC, Hertel J. Balance training improves function and postural control in those with chronic ankle instability. Medicine & science in sports & exercise. 2008;40(10):1810-9.
27. Wright CJ, Linens SW, Cain MS. A randomized controlled trial comparing rehabilitation efficacy in chronic ankle instability. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2017;26(4):238-49.
28. Eils E, Rosenbaum D. A multi-station proprioceptive exercise program in patients with ankle instability. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2001;33(12):1991-8.
29. Hale SA, Hertel J, Olmsted-Kramer LC. The effect of a 4-week comprehensive rehabilitation program on postural control and lower extremity function in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy. 2007;37(6):303-11.
30. Mettler A, Chinn L, Saliba SA, McKeon PO, Hertel J. Balance training and center-of-pressure location in participants with chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training. 2015;50(4):343-9.
31. Sekir U, Yildiz Y, Hazneci B, Ors F, Aydin T. Effect of isokinetic training on strength, functionality and proprioception in athletes with functional ankle instability. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy. 2007;15:654-64.
32. Salemi P, Shadmehr A, Fereydounnia S. The immediate effect of static hamstring stretching on dynamic balance and gait biomechanical variables in athletes with hamstring tightness: A preliminary study. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2021;15(3):141-50.
33. Wolfe MW, Uhl TL, Mattacola CG, McCluskey LC. Management of ankle sprains. American family physician. 2001;63(1):93-105.
34. Goharpey S. Comparison of Invertor and Evertor Muscle Strength in Patients with Chronic Functional Ankle Instability" Sh. Goharpey,“M. Sadeghi," N. Marouf and “Mj. Shaterzadeh. J Med Sci. 2007;7(4):674-7.
35. Venturni C, André A, Aguilar BP, Giacomelli B. Reliability of two evaluation methods of active range of motion in the ankle of healthy individuals. Acta Fisiátrica. 2006;13(1):39-43.
36. Willems T, Witvrouw E, Verstuyft J, Vaes P, De Clercq D. Proprioception and muscle strength in subjects with a history of ankle sprains and chronic instability. Journal of athletic training. 2002;37(4):487.
37. Wilkerson GB, Pinerola JJ, Caturano RW. Invertor vs. evertor peak torque and power deficiencies associated with lateral ankle ligament injury. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1997;26(2):78-86.
38. McKnight CM, Armstrong CW. The role of ankle strength in functional ankle instability. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. 1997;6(1):21-9.
39. Hazneci B, Yildiz Y, Sekir U, Aydin T, Kalyon TA. Efficacy of isokinetic exercise on joint position sense and muscle strength in patellofemoral pain syndrome. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2005;84(7):521-7.
40. Arnold BL, Linens SW, De La Motte SJ, Ross SE. Concentric evertor strength differences and functional ankle instability: a meta-analysis. Journal of athletic training. 2009;44(6):653-62.
41. Tropp H. Commentary: functional ankle instability revisited. Journal of athletic training. 2002;37(4):512.
42. Baumhauer JF, Alosa DM, Renström PA, Trevino S, Beynnon B. A prospective study of ankle injury risk factors. The American journal of sports medicine. 1995;23(5):564-70.
43. Swearingen R, Dehne E. A study of pathological muscle function following injury to a joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1964;46(6):1364.
44. Hall RC. A study of H-reflexes in subjects with acute ankle inversion injuries: University of Kentucky; 1996.
45. Hall EA, Chomistek AK, Kingma JJ, Docherty CL. Balance-and strength-training protocols to improve chronic ankle instability deficits, part I: assessing clinical outcome measures. Journal of athletic training. 2018;53(6):568-77.
46. Ross SE, Guskiewicz KM. Effect of coordination training with and without stochastic resonance stimulation on dynamic postural stability of subjects with functional ankle instability and subjects with stable ankles. Clinical journal of sport medicine. 2006;16(4):323-8.
47. Ross SE, Arnold BL, Blackburn JT, Brown CN, Guskiewicz KM. Enhanced balance associated with coordination training with stochastic resonance stimulation in subjects with functional ankle instability: an experimental trial. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 2007;4:1-8.
48. Huang P, Lin C, editors. Effects of balance training combined with plyometric exercise in postural control: Application in individuals with functional ankle instability. 6th World Congress of Biomechanics (WCB 2010) August 1-6, 2010 Singapore: In Conjunction with 14th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME) and 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Biomechanics (APBiomech); 2010: Springer.
49. Wikstrom EA, Hubbard-Turner T, McKeon PO. Understanding and treating lateral ankle sprains and their consequences: a constraints-based approach. Sports medicine. 2013;43:385-93.
50. Beynnon BD, Renström PA, Alosa DM, Baumhauer JF, Vacek PM. Ankle ligament injury risk factors: a prospective study of college athletes. Journal of orthopaedic research. 2001;19(2):213-20.
51. Wiesler ER, Hunter DM, Martin DF, Curl WW, Hoen H. Ankle flexibility and injury patterns in dancers. The American journal of sports medicine. 1996;24(6):754-7.
52. Wester JU, Jespersen SM, Nielsen KD, Neumann L. Wobble board training after partial sprains of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: a prospective randomized study. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 1996;23(5):332-6.
53. Terada M, Pietrosimone BG, Gribble PA. Therapeutic interventions for increasing ankle dorsiflexion after ankle sprain: a systematic review. Journal of athletic training. 2013;48(5):696-709.
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| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Lateral ankle sprain Muscle strength Balance Range of motion Proprioception | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Karami M, Jamehbozorgi A, Salemi P, Rezaei M. The Effect of 6 Weeks Neuromuscular Training On Muscle Strength, Balance, Range of Motion & Proprioception In Males With Lateral Ankle Sprain. jmr. 2025;(-).
