Investigation of Occupational Performance and Life Habits in Older Adults with Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease in Tehran
,
Abstract
Background and aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational performance and life habits of elderly adults with early stages of Alzheimer’s disease.
Methods: This study was cross-sectional research. Participants were elderly adults, aged 65-85 years with Alzheimer's disease that refer to Roozbeh and Ziaeian Hospital and Kahrizak Charity in Tehran, Iran in 2022. Seventy patients (36 male, 34 female) were recruited based on convenience sampling method. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and Life Habits Questionnaire were used to determine the occupational performance and life habits. Data were analyzed using t independent T test and Mann-Whitney test using SPSS21.
Result: The mean age of elderly male and female was 72.02 ± 3.74 and 71.14 ± 4.09 years, respectively. 68.3% of the priorities of occupational performance was related to the self-care. In male the priorities of self-care were 76.7% and in female it was 59.4%. No significant gender difference was found in satisfaction with occupational performance (P>0.05). (P>0.05). In the Life Habit Questionnaire, fitness had the highest participation level, while communication had the lowest. A significant gender difference was observed in participation levels in daily activities (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that the most important occupational performance priorities of elderly adults with Alzheimer's disease was self-care. The highest level of participation among the daily activities was related to the fitness and the lowest was communication. This study could help occupational therapists identify the priorities, habits, and participation levels of men and women with early Alzheimer's in daily activities.
1. Pasand Mojdeh H, Alipour F, Borhani Haghighi M. Alzheimer's disease: Background, current and future aspects. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2016 Sep 10;4(3):70-80.
2. Alzheimer's Association. 2010 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & dementia. 2010 Mar 1;6(2):158-94
3. Gholamzadeh S, Heshmati B, Mani A, Petramfar P, Baghery Z. The prevalence of alzheimer’s disease; its risk and protective factors among the elderly population in Iran. Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2017 Sep 30;18(9).
4. Foroughan M, Farahani ZG, Shariatpanahi M, Vaezinejad M, Akbari Kamerani AA, Sheikhvatan M. Risk factors of Alzheimer's disease among Iranian population. Current Alzheimer Research. 2008 Feb 1;5(1):70-2.
5. Aggarwal NT, Wilson RS, Beck TL, Bienias JL, Bennett DA. Motor dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Archives of neurology. 2006 Dec 1;63(12):1763-9.
6. Yan JH, Rountree S, Massman P, Doody RS, Li H. Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment deteriorate fine movement control. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2008 Oct 1;42(14):1203-12.
7. Sarazin M, Stern Y, Berr C, Riba A, Albert M, Brandt J, Dubois B. Neuropsychological predictors of dependency in patients with Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2005 Mar 22;64(6):1027-31
8. Kuhn D, Fulton BR, Edelman P. Factors influencing participation in activities in dementia care settings. Alzheimer's Care Today. 2004 Apr 1;5(2):144-52.
9. Darzins P, Fone S, Darzins S. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health can help to structure and evaluate therapy. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2006 Jun;53(2):127-31.
10. Andersen CK, Wittrup-Jensen KU, Lolk A, Andersen K, Kragh-Sørensen P. Ability to perform activities of daily living is the main factor affecting quality of life in patients with dementia. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2004 Dec;2(1):1-7.
11. Padilla R. Effectiveness of interventions designed to modify the activity demands of the occupations of self-care and leisure for people with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2011 Sep 1;65(5):523-31.
12. Noreau L, Lepage C, Boissiere L, Picard R, Fougeyrollas P, Mathieu J, Desmarais G, Nadeau L. Measuring participation in children with disabilities using the Assessment of Life Habits. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2007 Sep;49(9):666-71.
13. Baum CM. The contribution of occupation to function in persons with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Occupational Science. 1995 Aug 1;2(2):59-67.
14. Castro-Costa E, Laks J, Godoi Campos C, Firmo JO, Fernanda Lima-Costa M, Blay SL. Cognitive Impairment and Physical Activity in Old Age: The Impact on All-Cause Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging. Available at SSRN 3557992. 2020 Mar 17.
15. Varming AR, Hansen UM, Andrésdóttir G, Husted GR, Willaing I. Empowerment, motivation, and medical adherence (EMMA): the feasibility of a program for patient-centered consultations to support medication adherence and blood glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Patient preference and adherence. 2015 Sep 1:1243-53.
16. Smallfield S, Heckenlaible C. Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions to enhance occupational performance for adults with Alzheimer's disease and related major neurocognitive disorders: A systematic review. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2017 Sep 1;71(5):7105180010p1-9.
17. Simón-Vicente L, Cuesta-García C, Rivadeneyra-Posadas J, Mariscal N, Aguado L, Miguel-Pérez I, Saiz-Rodríguez M, García-Bustillo Á, Muñoz-Siscart I, Piñeiro D, Cubo E. Occupational performance in Huntington’s disease: A cross-sectional study. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2023 Jun;86(6):432-40.
18. Kobayashi E, Himuro N, Mitani Y, Tsunashima T, Nomura K, Chiba S. Feasibility and informativeness of the Canadian occupational performance measure for identifying priorities in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 2023 Mar 4;39(3):607-14.
19. Sauer PE, Fopma-Loy J, Kinney JM, Lokon E. “It makes me feel like myself”: Person-centered versus traditional visual arts activities for people with dementia. Dementia. 2016;15(5): pp895-912.
20. Smallfield S, Heckenlaible C. Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions to enhance occupational performance for adults with Alzheimer's disease and related major neurocognitive disorders: A systematic review. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2017;71(5): pp1-9.
21. Knopman DS, Jack CR, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Vemuri P, Lowe V, Kantarci K, Gunter JL, Senjem ML, Ivnik RJ, Roberts RO. Short-term clinical outcomes for stages of NIA-AA preclinical Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2012 May 15;78(20):1576-82.
22. Law MC, Baptiste S, Carswell A, McColl MA, Polatajko H, Pollock N. Canadian occupational performance measure: COPM. CAOT Publ. ACE; 1998.
23. Enemark Larsen A, Carlsson G. Utility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure as an admission and outcome measure in interdisciplinary community-based geriatric rehabilitation. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2012 Mar 1;19(2):204-13.
24. Tuntland H, Aaslund MK, Langeland E, Espehaug B, Kjeken I. Psychometric properties of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in home-dwelling older adults. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare. 2016 Sep 1:411-23.
25. Dehghan L, Dalvand H, Pourshahbaz A. Translation of Canadian occupational performance measure and testing Persian version validity and reliability among Iranian mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2015 Nov 10;9(4):25-31
26. Magasi S, Post MW. A comparative review of contemporary participation measures' psychometric properties and content coverage. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2010 Sep 1;91(9):S17-28.
27. Noori Mombeyni N, Mosallanezhad Z, Rassafiani M, Afshar S, Bakhshi E, Sotoudeh G, Sahaf R. Validity and Reliability of the Persian version of the life Habits Assessment Questionnaire for Older Adults. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 2015 May 1;11(1):11-6.
28. Cetin SY, Calik BB. Investigation of the Relationship Between Activity Performance, Frequency of Fall, and Pain in Elderly People Living at Home. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation. 2020 Apr 1;36(2):97-102.
29. Kabul EG, Calık BB. Impact of coronavirus disease pandemic on performance and satisfaction, physical activity, and quality of life of the elderly. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2023 Jun 26;69:e20221018.
30. Källdalen A, Marcusson J, Nägga K, Wressle E. Occupational performance problems in 85-year-old women and men in Sweden. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health. 2012;32(2): pp30-8.
31. Noori Mombeyni N, Afshar S, Rassafiani M, Sahaf R, Bakhshi E, Sotoudeh GR, Mosallanezhad Z. Comparison of social participation between older females and males in Tehran. Journal of Research and Health. 2019;9(7):562-7
32. Gorbani R, Asadi A. The Determinants of Unwillingness to Bicycle Use in Urban Travel (The Case of Zanjan). Geography and Planning. 2015 Apr 28;19(51):267-88.
33. Kheyri N, Pirjamadi S, Aziziani M. Identifying Obstacles to Women Cycling from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence and Sport Experts. Sport Management Journal. 2023 Feb 6.
34. Khazai OF, Pishyare E, Rassafiani M, Bakhshi E, Poursadeqiyan M. The relationship between areas of occupation and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress in Parkinson's disease. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2019;20(2):190-201.
35. Anaby D, Miller WC, Eng JJ, Jarus T, Noreau L, PACC Research Group. Can personal and environmental factors explain participation of older adults?. Disability and rehabilitation. 2009 Jan 1;31(15):1275-82.
36. Torabi, F., Saravani, K. Prevalence of multiple roles among middle-aged women and men residing in urban areas of Iran. Journal of Applied Sociology, 2023.
37. Setoudeh, H., Effectiveness of Home Modification on Fall, Occupational Performance and Life Habits in Elderly with Dementia, in Occupational therapy. 2021, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
38. Levasseur M, Desrosiers J, Noreau L. Is social participation associated with quality of life of older adults with physical disabilities?. Disability and rehabilitation. 2004 Oct 21;26(20):1206-13.
39. Hosseini Zare SM, Pourreza A, Esfahani P, Abdi K. Determination and analysis of leisure time patterns in the elderly: qualitative content analysis. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2022; 29(1): pp88-100.
2. Alzheimer's Association. 2010 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & dementia. 2010 Mar 1;6(2):158-94
3. Gholamzadeh S, Heshmati B, Mani A, Petramfar P, Baghery Z. The prevalence of alzheimer’s disease; its risk and protective factors among the elderly population in Iran. Shiraz E-Medical Journal. 2017 Sep 30;18(9).
4. Foroughan M, Farahani ZG, Shariatpanahi M, Vaezinejad M, Akbari Kamerani AA, Sheikhvatan M. Risk factors of Alzheimer's disease among Iranian population. Current Alzheimer Research. 2008 Feb 1;5(1):70-2.
5. Aggarwal NT, Wilson RS, Beck TL, Bienias JL, Bennett DA. Motor dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment and the risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Archives of neurology. 2006 Dec 1;63(12):1763-9.
6. Yan JH, Rountree S, Massman P, Doody RS, Li H. Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment deteriorate fine movement control. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2008 Oct 1;42(14):1203-12.
7. Sarazin M, Stern Y, Berr C, Riba A, Albert M, Brandt J, Dubois B. Neuropsychological predictors of dependency in patients with Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2005 Mar 22;64(6):1027-31
8. Kuhn D, Fulton BR, Edelman P. Factors influencing participation in activities in dementia care settings. Alzheimer's Care Today. 2004 Apr 1;5(2):144-52.
9. Darzins P, Fone S, Darzins S. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health can help to structure and evaluate therapy. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2006 Jun;53(2):127-31.
10. Andersen CK, Wittrup-Jensen KU, Lolk A, Andersen K, Kragh-Sørensen P. Ability to perform activities of daily living is the main factor affecting quality of life in patients with dementia. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2004 Dec;2(1):1-7.
11. Padilla R. Effectiveness of interventions designed to modify the activity demands of the occupations of self-care and leisure for people with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2011 Sep 1;65(5):523-31.
12. Noreau L, Lepage C, Boissiere L, Picard R, Fougeyrollas P, Mathieu J, Desmarais G, Nadeau L. Measuring participation in children with disabilities using the Assessment of Life Habits. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2007 Sep;49(9):666-71.
13. Baum CM. The contribution of occupation to function in persons with Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Occupational Science. 1995 Aug 1;2(2):59-67.
14. Castro-Costa E, Laks J, Godoi Campos C, Firmo JO, Fernanda Lima-Costa M, Blay SL. Cognitive Impairment and Physical Activity in Old Age: The Impact on All-Cause Mortality in a 15-Year Follow-Up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging. Available at SSRN 3557992. 2020 Mar 17.
15. Varming AR, Hansen UM, Andrésdóttir G, Husted GR, Willaing I. Empowerment, motivation, and medical adherence (EMMA): the feasibility of a program for patient-centered consultations to support medication adherence and blood glucose control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Patient preference and adherence. 2015 Sep 1:1243-53.
16. Smallfield S, Heckenlaible C. Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions to enhance occupational performance for adults with Alzheimer's disease and related major neurocognitive disorders: A systematic review. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2017 Sep 1;71(5):7105180010p1-9.
17. Simón-Vicente L, Cuesta-García C, Rivadeneyra-Posadas J, Mariscal N, Aguado L, Miguel-Pérez I, Saiz-Rodríguez M, García-Bustillo Á, Muñoz-Siscart I, Piñeiro D, Cubo E. Occupational performance in Huntington’s disease: A cross-sectional study. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2023 Jun;86(6):432-40.
18. Kobayashi E, Himuro N, Mitani Y, Tsunashima T, Nomura K, Chiba S. Feasibility and informativeness of the Canadian occupational performance measure for identifying priorities in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Physiotherapy theory and practice. 2023 Mar 4;39(3):607-14.
19. Sauer PE, Fopma-Loy J, Kinney JM, Lokon E. “It makes me feel like myself”: Person-centered versus traditional visual arts activities for people with dementia. Dementia. 2016;15(5): pp895-912.
20. Smallfield S, Heckenlaible C. Effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions to enhance occupational performance for adults with Alzheimer's disease and related major neurocognitive disorders: A systematic review. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2017;71(5): pp1-9.
21. Knopman DS, Jack CR, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Vemuri P, Lowe V, Kantarci K, Gunter JL, Senjem ML, Ivnik RJ, Roberts RO. Short-term clinical outcomes for stages of NIA-AA preclinical Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2012 May 15;78(20):1576-82.
22. Law MC, Baptiste S, Carswell A, McColl MA, Polatajko H, Pollock N. Canadian occupational performance measure: COPM. CAOT Publ. ACE; 1998.
23. Enemark Larsen A, Carlsson G. Utility of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure as an admission and outcome measure in interdisciplinary community-based geriatric rehabilitation. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2012 Mar 1;19(2):204-13.
24. Tuntland H, Aaslund MK, Langeland E, Espehaug B, Kjeken I. Psychometric properties of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure in home-dwelling older adults. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare. 2016 Sep 1:411-23.
25. Dehghan L, Dalvand H, Pourshahbaz A. Translation of Canadian occupational performance measure and testing Persian version validity and reliability among Iranian mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation. 2015 Nov 10;9(4):25-31
26. Magasi S, Post MW. A comparative review of contemporary participation measures' psychometric properties and content coverage. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2010 Sep 1;91(9):S17-28.
27. Noori Mombeyni N, Mosallanezhad Z, Rassafiani M, Afshar S, Bakhshi E, Sotoudeh G, Sahaf R. Validity and Reliability of the Persian version of the life Habits Assessment Questionnaire for Older Adults. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 2015 May 1;11(1):11-6.
28. Cetin SY, Calik BB. Investigation of the Relationship Between Activity Performance, Frequency of Fall, and Pain in Elderly People Living at Home. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation. 2020 Apr 1;36(2):97-102.
29. Kabul EG, Calık BB. Impact of coronavirus disease pandemic on performance and satisfaction, physical activity, and quality of life of the elderly. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2023 Jun 26;69:e20221018.
30. Källdalen A, Marcusson J, Nägga K, Wressle E. Occupational performance problems in 85-year-old women and men in Sweden. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health. 2012;32(2): pp30-8.
31. Noori Mombeyni N, Afshar S, Rassafiani M, Sahaf R, Bakhshi E, Sotoudeh GR, Mosallanezhad Z. Comparison of social participation between older females and males in Tehran. Journal of Research and Health. 2019;9(7):562-7
32. Gorbani R, Asadi A. The Determinants of Unwillingness to Bicycle Use in Urban Travel (The Case of Zanjan). Geography and Planning. 2015 Apr 28;19(51):267-88.
33. Kheyri N, Pirjamadi S, Aziziani M. Identifying Obstacles to Women Cycling from the Perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence and Sport Experts. Sport Management Journal. 2023 Feb 6.
34. Khazai OF, Pishyare E, Rassafiani M, Bakhshi E, Poursadeqiyan M. The relationship between areas of occupation and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress in Parkinson's disease. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2019;20(2):190-201.
35. Anaby D, Miller WC, Eng JJ, Jarus T, Noreau L, PACC Research Group. Can personal and environmental factors explain participation of older adults?. Disability and rehabilitation. 2009 Jan 1;31(15):1275-82.
36. Torabi, F., Saravani, K. Prevalence of multiple roles among middle-aged women and men residing in urban areas of Iran. Journal of Applied Sociology, 2023.
37. Setoudeh, H., Effectiveness of Home Modification on Fall, Occupational Performance and Life Habits in Elderly with Dementia, in Occupational therapy. 2021, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
38. Levasseur M, Desrosiers J, Noreau L. Is social participation associated with quality of life of older adults with physical disabilities?. Disability and rehabilitation. 2004 Oct 21;26(20):1206-13.
39. Hosseini Zare SM, Pourreza A, Esfahani P, Abdi K. Determination and analysis of leisure time patterns in the elderly: qualitative content analysis. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2022; 29(1): pp88-100.
| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Alzheimer's disease, Aging, Occupational performance, Life habits | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Dalvand H, Kadkhodaei Z, Vahabi Z, Etesam F, Almasi Hashiani A. Investigation of Occupational Performance and Life Habits in Older Adults with Early Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease in Tehran. jmr. 2025;(-).
