Investigating the Effects of Shockwave and Percussion Massage Gun on Subacute Myofascial Pain in Gasterocenemious Muscle
-
Seyedeh Zohreh Hosseini
,
Siamak Bashaardost Tajali
,
Kazem Malmir
,
Khadijeh Otadi
,
Alireza Hosseinzadeh Chaijan
Abstract
Introduction: Myofascial pain syndrome is a common musculoskeletal injury, especially among athletes, typically treated with symptomatic invasive and non-invasive methods. This study compares the effects of massage guns and radial extracorporeal shock wave therapies on myofascial pain syndrome symptoms in amateur athletes.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 45 amateur athletes (18-30 years old) were recruited, who were randomly assigned to 15-member groups of shock wave, massage gun, and control (routine treatment included electrotherapy and stretching, which was applied on three groups). After initial evaluations of the pain intensity, pain pressure threshold (PPT), isometric muscle strength, and range of motion (ROM), the patients received single-session treatment and were immediately reassessed.
Results: The results showed pain relief and improved PPT following shock wave plus routine treatment (P=0.03). The control group had less pain, while pain intensity and PPT did not change. The variables were not significantly different between the groups (P=0.12). Shock wave along with routine treatment increased plantar flexion ROM (P=0.00), unlike the massage gun. Additionally, dorsiflexion ROM (P=0.63) and maximal isometric gastrocnemius muscle strength (P=0.95) remained unchanged in all groups.
Conclusion: One session of massage gun therapy immediately reduced gastrocnemius muscle pain, while it failed to change PPT, maximal isometric gastrocnemius muscle strength, or dorsiflexion and plantar flexion ROM. However, shock wave therapy immediately increased plantar flexion ROM and PPT, and reduced pain intensity. These modalities led to limited changes, suggesting the need for repeated sessions and supplementary treatments.
- Fredericson M Misra AK. Epidemiology and aetiology of marathon running injuries. Sports Med.2007;37(4):437-439. [DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200737040-00043 ]
- Sciotti VM, Mittak VL, DiMarco L, Ford LM, Plezbert J,Santipadri E, Wigglesworth J, Ball K. Clinical precision of myofascial trigger point location in the trapezius muscle. Pain 2001; 93: 259-266
- [DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00325-6 ]
- Bahr R. No injuries, but plenty of pain? On the methodology for recording overuse symptoms in sports. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009;43(13):966-972. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.066936]
- Rickards LD. The effectiveness of non-invasive treatments for active myofascial trigger point pain: a systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Osteopathy Medicine. 2006;9:120–36. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2006.07.007]
- Kujala, R., Davis, C. and Young, L.The effect of handheld percussion treatment on vertical jump height. International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings2019; 8(7). 75 [https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ijesab/vol8/iss7/75]
- Writers group. How to use a massage gun. Massagegunfight. Updated July 25, 2022 https://massagegunfight.com/how-to-use-a-massage-gun/
- Veqar, Z. and Imtiyaz, S. Vibration Therapy in Management of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS). Journal Of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2014; 8(6), LE01-LE4 [doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/7323.4434]
- Lee, C. L., Chu, I. H., Lyu, B. J., Chang, W. D. and Chang, N. J. Comparison of vibration rolling, nonvibration rolling, and static stretching as a warm-up exercise on flexibility, joint proprioception, muscle strength, and balance in young adults. Journal of Sports Sciences2018; 36(22), 2575–2582. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1469848 ]
- Konrad A. The Acute Effects of a Percussive Massage Treatment with a Hypervolt Device on Plantar Flexor Muscles’ Range of Motion and Performance. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2020; 19, 690-694 [PMCID: PMC7675623]
- Wang CJ. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Orthopedic Surgery Research. 2012;7:11. [doi: 10.1186/1749-799X-7-11]
- Akinoglu B, Kose N. A comparison of the acute effects of radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy, ultrasound therapy, and exercise therapy in plantar fasciitis. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 2018;14:306–12. [DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836048.024 ]
- Malliaropoulos N, Thompson D, Meke M, et al. Individualised radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) for symptomatic calcific shoulder tendinopathy: a retrospective clinical study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorder 2017;18:513. [DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1873-x ]
- Simons DG, Travell JG, Simons LS. Travell & Simons’ myofascial pain and dysfunction: upper half of body. Vol. 1: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999
- Fernández ET, Serrano DM, Avendaño JC, Gómez JS. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for spasticity: A systematic reviewEstimulación eléctrica nerviosa transcutánea (TENS) como tratamiento de la espasticidad: una revisión sistemática. 2019 [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.06.009 ]
- Tomer. A, Chu. CJ, Safadi. S, Ager. A, Tomer.A, Jackson. K and Magtibay. CT. Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy. physio-pedia. October 31, 2019 https://www.physio-pedia.com/Extracorporeal_Shockwave_Therapy_(ESWT)
- Palastanga N, Field D, Soames R. Anatomy and human movement: structure and function. 5th Ed.Edinurgh: Elsevier,2006.
- Dixon JB. Gastrocnemius vs. soleus strain: how to differentiate and deal with calf muscle injuries. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2009 Jun 1;2(2):74-7. [doi: 10.1007/s12178-009-9045-8]
- Sunghyun H. Taeho K. The Effect of Applying Various Tools to the Stiffness and Muscle Tone of Hamstring Muscles. 2020;
- Notarnicola A . Extracorporeal shockwave therapy on muscle tissue: the effects on healthy athletes. 2018 [PMID: 29504386]
- Manafnezhad J. The effects of shock wave and dry needling on active trigger points of upper trapezius muscle in patients with non-specific neck pain: A randomized clinical trial .2019. [doi: 10.3233/BMR-181289.]
- Wu KT . Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Calcified and Noncalcified Shoulder Tendinosis: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis 2019. doi: 10.1155/2019/2958251
- Crupnik J. Is radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy combined with a specific rehabilitation program (rESWT + RP) more effective than sham-rESWT + RP for acute hamstring muscle complex injury type 3b in athletes? Study protocol for a prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled single centre trial.2019;
- Cho YS .Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Muscle Mass and Function in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. 2021;[doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.07.021. Epub 2021 Aug 24.]
- Morgan JP . Return to play after treating acute muscle injuries in elite football players with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy.2021 doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02853-0
- Elizabeth Quinn. Stretching Exercises for Soleus and Calf Muscle. Verywellfit. October 31, 2019 https://www.verywellfit.com/calf-pull-stretching-exercises-3120313.
- Boonstra AM, Preuper HR, Reneman MF, Posthumus JB, Stewart RE. Reliability and validity of the visual analogue scale for disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. International journal of rehabilitation research. 2008 Jun 1;31(2):165-9. [DOI: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f93 ]
- Norkin C, White D. Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: FA Davis; 2009.
- Benjamin F. Mentiplay 1, Luke G. Perraton1, Kelly J. Bower1, Brooke Adair2, YongHao Pua3, Gavin P. Williams 4,5, Rebekah McGaw1, Ross A. Clark1. Assessment of Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Power Using Hand-Held and Fixed Dynamometry: A Reliability and Validity Study, PLoS One, 2015 Oct 28;10(10):e0140822. [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140822]
- Ji HM, Kim HJ, Han SJ. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in myofascial pain syndrome of upper trapezius. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 2012; 36(5): 675-80 [doi: 10.5535/arm.2012.36.5.675]
- Zimmermann R, Cumpanas A, Miclea F, Janetschek G. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in males: arandomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. European Urology. 2009; 56: 418-424 [doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.03.043]
- Hausdorf J, Lemmens MA, Heck KD, Grolms N, KorrH, Kertschanska S, Steinbusch HW, Schmitz C, Maier M. Selective loss of unmyelinated nerve fibers after extracorporeal shockwave application to the musculoskeletal system. Neuroscience 2008; 155: 138-144 [doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.062]
- Hausdorf J, Lemmens MA, Kaplan S, Marangoz C, Milz S, Odaci E, Korr H, Schmitz C, Maier M. Extracorporeal shock wave application to the distal femur of rabbits diminishes the number of neurons immunoreactive for substance P in dorsal root ganglia L5 Brain Research 2008; 1207: 96-101 [doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2008.02.013]
- Kasahara K, Yoshida R, Yahata K, et al. Comparison of the acute effects of foam rolling with high and low vibration frequencies on eccentrically damaged muscle. Journal of Sports Science Medicine. 2022;21(1):112–119. [doi:10.52082/jssm.2022.112]
- Moraleda RB, García GJ, Rayo CÁ, Fernández BC, García MD, Morencos E. Effects of vibration and non-vibration foam rolling on recovery after exercise with induced muscle damage. J Sports Sci Med. 2019;18(1):172–180. [PMCID: PMC6370959]
- Clarke A.C, Leabeater A.J, James L.J, Huynh. M, Driller. M, percussive Massage Therapy and Physical and Perceptual Recovery in Active Adults. Journal of Athletic Training 2024;59(3):310–316 [doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0041.23]
- Lewis PB, Ruby D, Bush-Joseph CA. Muscle soreness and delayedonset muscle soreness. Clinical Sports Medicine. 2012;31(2):255–262. [doi:10. 1016/j.csm.2011.09.009]
- Jeo. JH, Yun Jae Jung YJ, Lee JY, Choi JS, Mun JH, Park WY, Hoon Seo, Jang KU. The Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Annals Rehabilitation Medicine 2012; 36(5): 665-674 [DOI: 10.5535/arm.2012.36.5.665 ]
- Park S. Effect of local vibration on triceps surae flexibility compared to static stretching. Journal of Korean Physical Therapy. 2020;32(4):245-249. [doi:10.18857/jkpt.2020.3 2.4.245]
- Konrad A, Glashüttner C, Reiner MM, Bernsteiner D, Tilp M. The acute effects of a percussive massage treatment with a hypervolt device on plantar flexor muscles’ range of motion and performance. Journa of Sports Science Medicine. 2020;19(4):690-694. [PMCID: PMC7675623]
- d'Agostino MC, Craig K, Tibalt E, Respizzi S. Shock wave as biological therapeutic tool: From mechanical stimulation to recovery and healing, through mechanotransduction. International Journal of Surgery 2015;24:147–153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.11.030 ]
- Mattyasovszky SG, Langendorf EK, Ritz U, Schmitz C, Schmidtmann I, Nowak TE, Wagner D, Hofmann A, Rommens PM, Drees P. Exposure to radial extracorporeal shock waves modulates viability and gene expression of human skeletal muscle cells: A controlled in vitro study. J Orthop Surg Res 2018;13:75
- Venslauskas M, Ostasevicius V, Vilkinis P. Influence of low-frequency vibrations on blood flow improvement in human’s limbs. Biomedical Materials and Engineering. 2017;28(2):117-130. doi:10.3233/bme-171661 [ DOI: 10.3233/BME-171661 ]
- Cochrane DJ. The potential neural mechanisms of acute indirect vibration. Journal of Sports Science Medicine. 2011;10(1):19-30.[ PMCID: PMC3737901]
- Sams L, Langdown BL, Simons J, Vseteckova J. The Effect Of Percussive Therapy On Musculoskeletal Performance And Experiences Of Pain: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 2023;18(2):309-327. [doi:10.26603/001c.73795]
- Wang CJ, Wang FS, Yang KD, Weng LH, Hsu CC, Huang CS, Yang LC. Shock wave therapy induces neovascularization at the tendon-bone junction. A study in rabbits. Journal of Orthopedic Research 2003; 21: 984-989 [DOI: 10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00104-9 ]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 18 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v18i4.16919 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Myofascial pain syndrome, Massage gun, Extracorporeal shock wave therapy | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
