Sensory Diet Program Through in-Person and Tele-Occupational Therapy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial
-
Simin Dehghani
,
Marzieh Pashmdarfard
,
Zahra Pashazadehazari
,
Alireza Akbarzadehbaghban
,
Sima Dehghani
,
Navid Mirzakhany Araghi
Abstract
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder defines a disorders in the fields of sensory processing, social communication and occupational performance. Sensory diets can have positive effects on these fields. Current research compared the effectiveness of the sensory diet program with and without tele occupational therapy on sensory processing pattern, social competency and occupational performance in autism spectrum disorder.
Methods & Material: The study population was 32 children with autism spectrum disorder 4-10 years old. They were placed in two control and intervention groups. The number of sessions for both groups was twenty 30 minutes sessions over 8 weeks. In both groups, through photos, videos and explanations, sensory problems were described, activities and environmental adaptations were presented, implemented by the mother, and the therapist supervised the implementation. In this study, three tools of sensory profile 2, Social Responsive Scale 2 and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure were used.
Results: According to the sensory profile 2, social responsiveness scale and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, processing in the areas of auditory, visual, touch, movement, body position, oral, conduct, social emotional, attentional, sensory seeking, sensory avoiding, sensory sensitive, low registration, social awareness, social cognition, social communication, social motivation, limited interests, repetitive behaviors and occupational performance in both groups have a significant difference(P-value < 0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that providing a sensory diet program through tele occupational therapy on sensory processing pattern, social competency and occupational performance is applicable as well as face-to-face occupational therapy in children with ASD.
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3. Klose, L. M., Plotts, C., Kozeneski, N., & Skinner-Foster, J. (2012). A review of assessment tools for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders: Implications for school practice. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 37(4), 236-242. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/1534508411415090
4. Case-Smith, J., Weaver, L. L., & Fristad, M. A. (2015). A systematic review of sensory processing interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 19(2),133-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361313517762
5. De Vries, M. & Geurts, H. (2015). Influence of autism traits and executive functioning on quality of life in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorder, 45(9), 2734-2743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2438-1
6. Barnsley, B., & Bates, L. (2021). An evaluation of sensory diets and the impact on sensory processing, engagement and the wellbeing of autistic children. Good Autism Practice (GAP), 22(1), 38-58. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bild/gap/2021/00000022/00000001/art00005
7. Hunt A., Peterso, M., & White, E. (2017). Exploration of the use of sensory diets in occupational therapy. Journal Of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(11), 3565-3579. https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2017.OT.RP.10
8. Pingale, V., Fletcher, T. S., Candler, C., Pickens, N., & Dunlap, K. (2021). Effects of Sensory Diets: A Single Subject Study. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 15(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2021.1941492
9. Gal, E., Cermak, S. A., & Ben-Sasson, A. (2007). Sensory processing disorders in children with autism: Nature, assessment, and intervention. In R. L. Gabriels & D. E. Hill (Eds.), Growing up with autism: Working with school-age children and adolescents (pp. 95-123). The Guilford Press.
10. Caprì, T., Nucita, A., Iannizzotto, G., Stasolla, F., Romano, A., Semino, M., Giannatiempo, S., Canegallo, V. & Fabio R. A. (2021). Telerehabilitation for improving adaptive skills of children and young adults with multiple disabilities: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8, 244-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-020-00214-x
11. Stavropoulos, K. K., Heyman, M., Salinas, G., Baker, E., & Blacher, J. (2022). Exploring telehealth during COVID for assessing autism spectrum disorder in a diverse sample. Psychology in the Schools, 59(7), 1319-1334. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22672
12. Pashazadeh Azari, Z., Hosseini, S. A., Rassafiani, M., Samadi, S., Hoseinzadeh, S., & Dunn, W. (2019). Contextual intervention adapted for autism spectrum disorder: An RCT of a parenting program with parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 13(4), 19-35. PMID: 31645864; PMCID: PMC6789080.
13. Gibbs, V., & Toth-Cohen, S. (2011). Family-centered occupational therapy and telerehabilitation for children with autism spectrum disorders. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 25(4), 298-314. https://doi.org/10.3109/07380577.2011.606460
14. Jamali, A. R., Alizadeh Zarei, M., Sanjari, M. A., AkbarFahimi, M., & Saneii, S.H. (2022). Randomized controlled trial of occupation performance coaching for families of children with autism spectrum disorder by means of telerehabilitation. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 85(5), 308-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/03080226211061492
15. Dunn, W. (2014). Sensory profile 2. Psych Corporation.
16. Shahbazi, M., Mirzakhany, N., Alizadeh Zarei, M,. Zayeri, F., & Daryabor, A. (2021). Translation and cultural adaptation of the Sensory Profile 2 to the Persian language. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 84(12), 794-805. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022621991768
17. Constantino, J. N. & Christian, P. G. (2012). Social responsiveness scale (SRS-2) (2nd ed.). Western Psychological Services.
18. Mirzakhani Araghi, N., Alizadesh Zarei, M., Saei, S., & Dibajnia, P. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of social responsiveness scale-(SRS-2). Advances in Autism, 8(3), 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1108/AIA-06-2021-0027
19. Law M, Baptiste S, McColl M, Opzoomer A, Polatajko H, Pollock N. The Canadian occupational performance measure: an outcome measure for occupational therapy. Can J Occup Ther. 1990;57(2):82-87. https://doi:10.1177/000841749005700207
20. Dehghan, L., Dalvand, H., Pourshahbaz, A., & Samadi, S. A. (2014). Designing supplement form of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: item analysis and suggestions for refinement. Journal of Rehabilitation, 15(1), 21-8. http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1345-en.html
21. Ehteshami S, Mirzakhani Araghi N, Pashmdarfard M. Psychometric properties of Autism Spectrum Disorders Screening Assessment Tools: Systematic Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2023;37:117. Published 2023 Nov 6. https://doi:10.47176/mjiri.37.117
22. Minaei, A., & Nazeri, S. (2018) Psychometric properties of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale–Third Edition (GARS-3) in individuals with autism: A pilot study. Journal of Exceptional Children, 18(2), 113-122. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.16826612.1397.18.2.10.9
23. Nithya, G. D., Damodaran, V., & Mythili, V. (2021) A study on impact of Corona Virus Disease 2019 Pandemic on activities of daily living, play, and sensory behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional survey study. The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 53(2), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_34_21
24. Vallefuoco, E., Purpura, G., Gison, G., Bonifacio, A., Tagliabue, L., Broggi, F., Scuccimarra, G., Pepino, A., & Nacinovich, R. (2021). A multidisciplinary telerehabilitation approach for supporting social interaction in autism spectrum disorder families: An Italian digital platform in response to COVID-19. Brain Sciences, 11(11), 1404. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111404
25. Yılmaz, G. G., & Önal, G. (2021). The effectiveness of telerehabilitation-based occupational therapy interventions on sensory processing and functional independence in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A case series. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 4(2),160-165. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1008690
26. Dehghani, S., Mirzakhany, N., Dehghani, S., & Pashmdarfard, M. (2023). The use of tele-occupational therapy for children and adolescents with different disabilities: Systematic review of RCT articles. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 37(17), 1-12 https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.37.17
27. Marino, F., Failla, C., Bruschetta, R., Vetrano, N., Scarcella, I., Doria, G., Chilà, P., Minutoli, R., Vagni, D., Tartarisco, G., Cerasa, A., & Pioggia, G. (2023). Telerehabilitation of social-pragmatic skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: A principal component analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043486.
28. Shamsuddin, S., Malik, N.A., Yussof, H., Mohamed, S., Hanapiah, F. A., & Yunus, F.W. (Eds.) (2014). Telerehabilitation in robotic assistive therapy for children with developmental disabilities. IEEE REGION 10 SYMPOSIUM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 370-375. https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCONSpring.2014.6863060.
29. Boucenna, S., Narzisi, A., Tilmont, E., Muratori, F., Pioggia, G., Cohen, D., & Chetouani , M. (2014). Interactive technologies for autistic children: A review. Cognitive Computation, 6, 722-740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-014-9276-x
30. Aqdassi, L., Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H. R., & Fathabadi, J. (2021). A family-based telerehabilitation program for improving gross motor skills in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, 15(3), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v15i3.7738
31. Cason, J. (2011). Telerehabilitation: An adjunct service delivery model for early intervention services. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 3(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2011.6071
2. Mirzakhani Iraqi N, Pashazadeh Azari Z, Mohammadi Orangi B, Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Mahmoudi E, Shahriarpour S. Comparing Sensory Processing and Perceived Motor Competence between Three Groups of Students with Special Learning Disabilities. jmr. 2022;16(3):280-289. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v16i3.10152
3. Klose, L. M., Plotts, C., Kozeneski, N., & Skinner-Foster, J. (2012). A review of assessment tools for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders: Implications for school practice. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 37(4), 236-242. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1177/1534508411415090
4. Case-Smith, J., Weaver, L. L., & Fristad, M. A. (2015). A systematic review of sensory processing interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 19(2),133-148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361313517762
5. De Vries, M. & Geurts, H. (2015). Influence of autism traits and executive functioning on quality of life in children with an autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorder, 45(9), 2734-2743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2438-1
6. Barnsley, B., & Bates, L. (2021). An evaluation of sensory diets and the impact on sensory processing, engagement and the wellbeing of autistic children. Good Autism Practice (GAP), 22(1), 38-58. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bild/gap/2021/00000022/00000001/art00005
7. Hunt A., Peterso, M., & White, E. (2017). Exploration of the use of sensory diets in occupational therapy. Journal Of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(11), 3565-3579. https://doi.org/10.33015/dominican.edu/2017.OT.RP.10
8. Pingale, V., Fletcher, T. S., Candler, C., Pickens, N., & Dunlap, K. (2021). Effects of Sensory Diets: A Single Subject Study. Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, & Early Intervention, 15(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1080/19411243.2021.1941492
9. Gal, E., Cermak, S. A., & Ben-Sasson, A. (2007). Sensory processing disorders in children with autism: Nature, assessment, and intervention. In R. L. Gabriels & D. E. Hill (Eds.), Growing up with autism: Working with school-age children and adolescents (pp. 95-123). The Guilford Press.
10. Caprì, T., Nucita, A., Iannizzotto, G., Stasolla, F., Romano, A., Semino, M., Giannatiempo, S., Canegallo, V. & Fabio R. A. (2021). Telerehabilitation for improving adaptive skills of children and young adults with multiple disabilities: A systematic review. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8, 244-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-020-00214-x
11. Stavropoulos, K. K., Heyman, M., Salinas, G., Baker, E., & Blacher, J. (2022). Exploring telehealth during COVID for assessing autism spectrum disorder in a diverse sample. Psychology in the Schools, 59(7), 1319-1334. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22672
12. Pashazadeh Azari, Z., Hosseini, S. A., Rassafiani, M., Samadi, S., Hoseinzadeh, S., & Dunn, W. (2019). Contextual intervention adapted for autism spectrum disorder: An RCT of a parenting program with parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Iranian Journal of Child Neurology, 13(4), 19-35. PMID: 31645864; PMCID: PMC6789080.
13. Gibbs, V., & Toth-Cohen, S. (2011). Family-centered occupational therapy and telerehabilitation for children with autism spectrum disorders. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 25(4), 298-314. https://doi.org/10.3109/07380577.2011.606460
14. Jamali, A. R., Alizadeh Zarei, M., Sanjari, M. A., AkbarFahimi, M., & Saneii, S.H. (2022). Randomized controlled trial of occupation performance coaching for families of children with autism spectrum disorder by means of telerehabilitation. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 85(5), 308-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/03080226211061492
15. Dunn, W. (2014). Sensory profile 2. Psych Corporation.
16. Shahbazi, M., Mirzakhany, N., Alizadeh Zarei, M,. Zayeri, F., & Daryabor, A. (2021). Translation and cultural adaptation of the Sensory Profile 2 to the Persian language. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 84(12), 794-805. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022621991768
17. Constantino, J. N. & Christian, P. G. (2012). Social responsiveness scale (SRS-2) (2nd ed.). Western Psychological Services.
18. Mirzakhani Araghi, N., Alizadesh Zarei, M., Saei, S., & Dibajnia, P. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of social responsiveness scale-(SRS-2). Advances in Autism, 8(3), 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1108/AIA-06-2021-0027
19. Law M, Baptiste S, McColl M, Opzoomer A, Polatajko H, Pollock N. The Canadian occupational performance measure: an outcome measure for occupational therapy. Can J Occup Ther. 1990;57(2):82-87. https://doi:10.1177/000841749005700207
20. Dehghan, L., Dalvand, H., Pourshahbaz, A., & Samadi, S. A. (2014). Designing supplement form of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: item analysis and suggestions for refinement. Journal of Rehabilitation, 15(1), 21-8. http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1345-en.html
21. Ehteshami S, Mirzakhani Araghi N, Pashmdarfard M. Psychometric properties of Autism Spectrum Disorders Screening Assessment Tools: Systematic Review. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2023;37:117. Published 2023 Nov 6. https://doi:10.47176/mjiri.37.117
22. Minaei, A., & Nazeri, S. (2018) Psychometric properties of the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale–Third Edition (GARS-3) in individuals with autism: A pilot study. Journal of Exceptional Children, 18(2), 113-122. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.16826612.1397.18.2.10.9
23. Nithya, G. D., Damodaran, V., & Mythili, V. (2021) A study on impact of Corona Virus Disease 2019 Pandemic on activities of daily living, play, and sensory behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional survey study. The Indian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 53(2), 64-76. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijoth.ijoth_34_21
24. Vallefuoco, E., Purpura, G., Gison, G., Bonifacio, A., Tagliabue, L., Broggi, F., Scuccimarra, G., Pepino, A., & Nacinovich, R. (2021). A multidisciplinary telerehabilitation approach for supporting social interaction in autism spectrum disorder families: An Italian digital platform in response to COVID-19. Brain Sciences, 11(11), 1404. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11111404
25. Yılmaz, G. G., & Önal, G. (2021). The effectiveness of telerehabilitation-based occupational therapy interventions on sensory processing and functional independence in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A case series. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 4(2),160-165. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1008690
26. Dehghani, S., Mirzakhany, N., Dehghani, S., & Pashmdarfard, M. (2023). The use of tele-occupational therapy for children and adolescents with different disabilities: Systematic review of RCT articles. Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 37(17), 1-12 https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.37.17
27. Marino, F., Failla, C., Bruschetta, R., Vetrano, N., Scarcella, I., Doria, G., Chilà, P., Minutoli, R., Vagni, D., Tartarisco, G., Cerasa, A., & Pioggia, G. (2023). Telerehabilitation of social-pragmatic skills in children with autism spectrum disorder: A principal component analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3486. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043486.
28. Shamsuddin, S., Malik, N.A., Yussof, H., Mohamed, S., Hanapiah, F. A., & Yunus, F.W. (Eds.) (2014). Telerehabilitation in robotic assistive therapy for children with developmental disabilities. IEEE REGION 10 SYMPOSIUM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 370-375. https://doi.org/10.1109/TENCONSpring.2014.6863060.
29. Boucenna, S., Narzisi, A., Tilmont, E., Muratori, F., Pioggia, G., Cohen, D., & Chetouani , M. (2014). Interactive technologies for autistic children: A review. Cognitive Computation, 6, 722-740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-014-9276-x
30. Aqdassi, L., Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H. R., & Fathabadi, J. (2021). A family-based telerehabilitation program for improving gross motor skills in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, 15(3), 173-182. https://doi.org/10.18502/jmr.v15i3.7738
31. Cason, J. (2011). Telerehabilitation: An adjunct service delivery model for early intervention services. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 3(1), 19-30. https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2011.6071
| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Sensory Activity, Telerehabilitation, Sensory Processing, Social Behavior, Participation, Autism | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Dehghani S, Pashmdarfard M, Pashazadehazari Z, Akbarzadehbaghban A, Dehghani S, Mirzakhany Araghi N. Sensory Diet Program Through in-Person and Tele-Occupational Therapy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial. jmr. 2024;(-).
