Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 10 4 2017 07 15 145 154 EN Maryam Abbaszadeh-Amirdehi Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Setareh Mirasi BSc., Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Hadi Salehi BSc., Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Gholamreza Olyaei Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 07 15 2017 07 15 Introduction: Non-specific mechanical neck pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint that is generally treated conservatively using electro/thermal therapeutic agents, exercise, soft tissue techniques, and manual therapy. In this review, we evaluated the effectiveness of Thoracic Manipulation (TM) compared to cervical manipulations, multi-level TM with single-level TM, and TM with other interventions such as electro/thermal therapy and exercise. Material and Methods: PubMed, Google scholar and PEDro database were searched from inception until May 2016 by the following keywords: “neck pain”, “thoracic manipulation”, “physical therapy treatment”, “cervical manipulation”, and different combinations. Quality of the included studies were evaluated using physiotherapy evidence database [PEDro] scale. Results: A total of 15 studies out of 47 based on PEDro score were included in this review. All studies measured pain intensity as a parameter indicating effectiveness of interventions, 9 studies measured disability as a key outcome and used either NDI or NPQ for its assessment. Conclusion: Thoracic manipulation is equally effective as cervical manipulation in reduction of pain and improving function. Thoracic manipulation is also more effective than electrotherapy or exercise therapy alone. When combined with multimodal neck program, thoracic manipulation for patients with neck pain significantly improves function and reduces pain intensity.   https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/55 https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/download/55/39

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 10 4 2016 07 27 199 204 EN Morteza Farazi Assistant Professor, Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Akbar Darouie Assistant Professor, Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mina Fotuhi MSc. Student, Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hashem Shemshadi Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences & Speech Reconstruction Surgery, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Habibollah Kavari Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Management,University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 07 15 Introduction: Awareness of the nasality norm condition in normal people’s speech (children and adults) is very important for assessment and treatment of nasality disorders. The main goal of this study was to determine normative nasalance scores among Persian-speaking adults. Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, nasalance value of 152 adults (54 males and 98 females) older than 18 years was examined by access method. Nasality test which included vowels (front/back, high/low), syllables (with oral and nasal consonants), words (with oral and nasal consonants), and sentences (with oral and nasal consonants) was done using Nasometer II model 6450. The data were then analyzed using paired t- test and Wilcoxon statistical test. Results: The results indicate that the nasalance mean score for back vowels is significantly higher than front vowels. Also, the amount of nasalance mean score for low vowels is significantly higher than that in high vowels. The results also indicate that the nasalance mean scores for syllables, words, and sentences with nasal consonants is significantly higher than those with oral consonants (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study have provided the mean scores of nasalance for vowels, syllables, words, and sentences separately with oral and nasal consonants in normal Persian-speaking adults. Also, the data obtained in this study can be used to compare the function of the resonance system in people with suspected resonant disorders.   https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/62 https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/download/62/45

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 10 4 2015 08 23 193 198 EN Mansoure Mohammadifard MSc. Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parvin Raji Lecturer, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Hadian Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahmood Mahmoodian Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Reza Baghestani MSc., Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Habib Esmaeilian MSc. Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 07 15 Introduction: Aging is a dynamic and progressive process characterized by morphological, functional, and psychological changes, which restricts adaption to the environment and reduces the quality of life. Maintaining the ability of performing activities of daily living (ADL) is vital to the elderly and poor motor function is associated with higher dependency. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hand resistance training and dexterity as a treatment package on the performance of ADL in the elderly. Material and Methods: A total of 20 senior adults were randomly (picking up by coded envelopes) assigned to intervention and control groups. We used Barthel test to evaluate the performance of ADL, and Box and Block test to evaluate the hand function. Results: According to results, changes in ADL were not statistically significant over time (P=0.583). However, the results of Box and Block test showed that right- and left-hand performance changes over time was statistically significant (P=0.002). Conclusion: Based on the results, 6 weeks training could improve hand function and dexterity and maintain the ability to perform ADL in the elderly.   https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/61 https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/download/61/74

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 10 4 2016 09 03 185 192 EN Ebrahim Norouzi PhD Candidate, Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Leily Alizade PhD Candidate, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran. Hassan Mohammadzadeh Professor, Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Management, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 2017 07 15 Introduction: This study investigated the relationship between bimanual coordination and writing skill in the elementary school children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) living in Urmia City, Iran. Material and Methods: A total of 60 elementary school children, both male and female, with DCD aged 7 to 9 years old were selected based on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) test and relevant questionnaires. These subjects were requested to perform in-phase and anti-phase patterns. Writing composition scores and bimanual coordination tool were used as measures of children’s writing performance and bimanual accuracy. Descriptive statistics and coefficient regression were used for data analysis. Results: The results indicated a statistically positive correlation between children’s bimanual accuracy and their writing skill. In other words, regression indicated that bimanual coordination accuracy test was a significant predictor for the writing skill (R2=0.331, P=0.001). Conclusion: In general, motor control ability of children with developmental coordination disorder and its relationship with writing performance should be considered.   https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/60 https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/download/60/43

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 10 4 2016 08 03 177 184 EN Shekoofeh Raesi MSc. Student, Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hooshang Dadgar PhD Candidate, Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zahra Soleymani Assistant Professor, Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Vahideh Hajjeforoush MSc., Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 07 15 Introduction: Progress in understanding dyslexia has led to the discovery of abnormal brain waves in the areas related to reading skill. It seems that improving the function of these areas by regulating their waves is helpful for reading process. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of neurofeedback training (NFT) in improving children’s reading difficulties. Material and Methods: This was a single-subject experiment with A-B-A design. Four dyslexic boys (age range 8-12 years) received twenty 30-minute sessions of NFT three times a week to reduce their theta and delta waves at F7 and increase their beta wave at T3. Their accuracy, speed, reading comprehension, and spelling skill were assessed using Name reading test before, during, and one month after treatment. Data analysis was done by reliable change index, mean percentage improvement, and effect size. Also results were displayed by graphs. Results: The results showed clinically significant improvement regarding the accuracy and comprehension reading as well as spelling after NFT. Reliable changes (P<0.05) and the effect size above the effective surface (Cohen’s d>2.87) refer to significant improvement of these skills. However speed reading increased in two subjects, but the effect size for the first and second participant was negative (Cohen’s d<0). Conclusion: The results suggest that 20 sessions of NFT improves the spelling, accuracy, and comprehension reading. It seems that the increased attention (due to the reduction of theta and delta waves) and performance tuning at T3 was effective in improving these skills. However, increase in speed reading may require more sessions.   https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/59 https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/download/59/42

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 10 4 2016 08 26 169 176 EN Seyedeh Samira Seyed Habibi MSc. Student, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shohreh Noorizadeh Dehkordi Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Dadgoo Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Laleh Lajevardi Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 07 15 Introduction: Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) and Research Utilization (RU) were introduced to physiotherapy more than two decades ago. Physiotherapists with their professional responsibility to provide the best care, will find practical evidence-based physiotherapy a veritable goldmine of useful information. Recently, evidence-based physiotherapy, as a means to improve the quality of physical therapy intervention, has become an interesting topic for the researchers all over the world. However, few studies have researched EBP in Iranian community of physiotherapists. This study was conducted to investigate the perceptions and experiences of EBP among Iranian physiotherapists and the resources of evidence for a duration of 8 months, from 2015 to 2016. Material and Methods: In this qualitative study, 15 physiotherapists holding at least a BSc. degree and with two years of relevant work experience, participated. Purposeful sampling method was used to recruit the samples. The data were collected via semi-organized in-depth interviews. Content analysis was used to analyze the data according to Cheevakumjorn’s method. Results: The collected data were divided into two groups containing the definition of EBP and evidence resources for physiotherapists. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group contained the physiotherapists who became familiar with EBP at university. The contributors who had not passed this course at university were included in the second group. The first group provided more detailed definitions and implemented evidence into their clinical work with greater certainty. The data related to the nature of evidence were put into 4 subgroups; experiences of colleagues, acquired knowledge, therapist’s experience, and obtained knowledge through the patients. Conclusion: Most physiotherapists participating in this study were somewhat familiar with EBP. Since there are some impediments such as poor clinical training, lack of role models during university education, weak research skills and critical evaluation of research, as well as ignoring the importance of life-long learning, most physiotherapists are not able to fully apply evidence in their clinical practice. A comprehensive program for educating the physiotherapists can be an effective method to improve the physiotherapists’ overall level of knowledge as well as the quality of the health care services they provide.   https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/58 https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/download/58/41

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 10 4 2017 07 15 163 168 EN Aliakbar Nazari MSc., Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behnam Hajiaghaei MSc., Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shohreh Jalaie Associate Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahnaz Bazzaz MSc. Student, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 10 10 Introduction: Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a common disorder of musculoskeletal system. About one third of the people with musculoskeletal disorders have been diagnosed as having MPS. It is a painful condition caused by trigger points. A variety of treatment approaches are used to cure MPS and its associated disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effects of single session Intramuscular Electrical Stimulation (IMES) through dry needling on pain and Range Of Motion (ROM) following trigger points in upper trapezius. Material and Methods: Sixteen volunteers with active trigger points in upper trapezius were randomly divided into two groups: 1) the IMES treatment group (8 females) and 2) placebo group (8 females). In the IMES group, trigger points of the affected side were injected through dry needling, then a burst current (2 Hz) was applied on the muscle while the electrical stimulation steadily increases to form a pain free contraction for the patient. In placebo group, the procedure was exactly the same but there was no applied electrical stimulation through dry needling. Pain sensation by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and cervical flexion ROM were measured before treatment, immediately after treatment and one week later by another blinded researcher. Results: VAS scores showed improvement in both groups at the end of the treatment session and also one week later. There was no significant difference between the groups; IMES and placebo in terms of the VAS after treatment session. However, the pain scores were substantially decreased in the IMES group one week after the intervention. The ROMs were significantly lower in placebo group one week after treatment. There was no significant correlation between improvement and duration of symptoms. Conclusion: Both IMES and placebo methods might be effective in relieving symptoms of patients with the MPS in upper trapezius; however, patients following the IMES treatment showed higher level of improvement during one week after the intervention. Further relevant studies with higher number of volunteers and different treatment protocols are necessary to get high quality evidence. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/75 https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/download/75/50

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 11 1 2017 01 01 23 30 EN Samira Boroumand Master Student, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Afsoon Hassani Mehraban Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mahdi Dadgou Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parvin Raji PhD Candidate, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2017 10 10 Introduction: Virtual reality is a novel technology which creates attractive environment using computer hardware and software. In these virtual realities people can actively participate and use their motor and cognitive abilities. Current study aimed at investigating effect of virtual reality on the balance of children with cerebral palsy. Material and Methods: This research is a single subject study with ABA design conducted on three children with cerebral palsy (GMFCSΙ level). Basic phase and intervention phase of investigation lasted for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Intervention sessions were repeated 3 times per week like base line phase. In each intervention session, children performed different computer games for 21 minutes. These games require center of pressure displacement in the frontal and sagittal planes. Follow-up phase was implemented 2 to 3 months after completion of intervention phase. Changes were measured using following measurement tools: pediatric reach test (PRT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), 10-meter walking (10MW) and subtest of balance and lower limb strength test, including Bruininks-Oseretsky of Motor Proficiency (BOMP). Finally results were investigated using visual analysis and C Statistics. Results: Comparison of PRT te