Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 4 2022 10 01 290 297 Masoud Khorrami-Nejad Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Gheibi Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Taghi Naghdi Department of Optometry, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Heirani Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2021 08 12 2021 08 24 Myopia has become a pandemic disease in the past few years and its sight-threatening consequences associated with high myopia have been a challenging issue for most public health societies. Controlling myopia progression has also become a global concern for many people particularly, parents of myopic children. Accordingly, a large body of work has been devoted to considering different optical and non-optical methods to prevent or retard myopia progression. Different optical strategies such as sunder correction, monofocal spectacles or contact lenses, bifocal or progressive spectacle lenses, multifocal contact lenses, gas-permeable (GP) contact lenses, and orthokeratology (ortho-K) have been proposed to slow down the myopia progression. Although the effectiveness of these treatment strategies has been vastly studied, there are some debates concerning the most efficient method in controlling myopia progression. The present study reviewed the current optical therapies to control the progression of myopia. A literature review revealed that optical strategies, such as myopic under correction, monofocal spectacles or contact lenses, GP contact lenses, and bifocal and multifocal spectacle lenses did not provide a clinically significant reduction in myopia progression. In contrast, ortho-K and newly introduced multifocal soft contact lenses may significantly slow myopia progression. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/521

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 4 2022 08 10 298 303 Karrar Albomahmood Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Azadeh Shadmehr Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Hadian Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shohreh Jalaie Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Jameel Tahseen Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Babil, Iraq. Sara Fereydounnia Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2021 04 20 2021 06 12 Introduction: To demonstrate the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in treating active trigger points to relieve pain and increase range of motion (ROM) and improve the function of the cervical region in fewer sessions. Materials and Methods: In this single-group, pretest-posttest study, 15 participants with active myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in the upper trapezius muscle took part. Before and after each treatment, visual analog scale (VAS), pressure pain threshold (PPT), neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire, and range of active contra lateral flexion (CLF) were assessed. Participants were given three treatments over a week, with at least a two-day break between them, and then all outcomes were evaluated. Results: The general results of this study demonstrate a significant reduction in pain perception in terms of VAS (P=0.0001), increased pressure pain threshold (P=0.0001), increased CLF of ROM (P=0.0001), and improved neck function by reduction of NDI (P=0.0001), after the third session of ESWT intervention in participants with MTrP in the upper trapezius muscle. Conclusion: It reveals that ESWT has positive effects on pain reduction, cervical range of motion, and cervical function in participants treated with MTrPs in the upper trapezius muscle. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/434

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 4 2022 10 01 304 311 Mona Herasi Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Sedighe Kahrizi Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Hoviattalab Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. 2021 04 01 2021 07 26 Introduction: The flexible-bar with a small amplitude of 5 Hz, which transmits vibrations to the trunk, enables the activation of the core muscles that can be used to rehabilitate subjects with low back pain. Two types of exercise direction that can affect trunk muscles of low back pain subjects similar control group are not known. This study aimed to evaluate and compare exercises with two directions of the oscillating flexible poles in people with and without low back pain (LBP). Materials and Methods: Twelve women with Mean±SD age of 28.75±2.92 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 22.31±2.10 kg/m2 and a history of low back pain, and 12 healthy subjects with Mean±SD age of 28.75±2.49 years and BMI of 21.59±1.50 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in this study. The electromyography (EMG) signals of trunk muscles were measured during two handheld oscillating flexible bars in two directions. The root means square (RMS) of signals for each muscle is normalized by the maximum RMS. Results: The results of comparing two types of exercise in two groups showed significant differences for left external oblique (P=0.017), right external internal oblique (0.002), and left internal oblique (0.008). Also, the difference in the interaction between group×exercise was significant only for left internal oblique (P=0.026). Conclusion: Muscle activity in the low back pain group appears different while performing exercises with a flexible-bar compared to the control group. This confirms motor control impairment in these populations and having different strategies for trunk co-activation during exercise. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/413

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 4 2022 10 01 312 320 Soheyl Jamalipour Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shabnam ShahAli Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Javad Abdolhamidi Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Saman Salehi Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2021 08 08 2021 09 12 Introduction: Weakness of hip muscles is common in individuals with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Also, hip joint performance can be influenced by the weakness of hip muscles. This study aimed to compare the strength and performance of hip adductor and abductor muscles between subjects with and without CNSLBP and to investigate their association with disability level. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 41 participants with CNSLBP and 41 healthy participants. The strength of hip abductor and adductor muscles were measured using a dynamometer and their performance was assessed using the one-leg hop test. The disability level in the CNSLBP group was assessed using the oswestry disability index (ODI). Data were analyzed using an independent sample t test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: No significant differences were observed between groups for hip muscle strength. One-leg hop test scores of the left lower extremity in the lateral direction were significantly higher in the CNSLBP group compared to the control group. Also, no significant relationships were observed between the total score of ODI and hip muscle strength or performance in the CNSLBP group. Conclusion: It’s recommended that evaluation and exercise therapy of participants with CNSLBP be performed during functional performance tasks. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/515

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 4 2022 10 01 321 329 Masoomeh Salmani Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Raheb Ghorbani Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Fatemeh Paknazar Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Jalal Bakhtiyari Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Ranjbar Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Majid Gholamzadeh Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. 2021 08 02 2021 10 16 Introduction: In recent years, some studies have indicated that some aspects of language performance of children from low socioeconomic status (SES) families are lower in language tests. Appropriate and timely interventions can partially prevent communication problems in these children. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a parental education program on word acquisition rates in Iranian toddlers from low SES families. Materials and Methods: Sixty-six mothers (toddlers aged 12-14 months) participated in this randomized controlled trial study. These mothers were allocated to the experimental group and control group using the randomization method of the permuted block (each block=6). After baseline assessments, mothers in the experimental group received parental education program aimed at enriching the mother-child interactions and mothers’ knowledge of communication development for 9 weeks. The control group did not receive any education. The outcome measures were children’s scores on the Persian version of the McArthur-Bates communicative development inventories and mothers’ scores in multiple-choice exams regarding workshops’ contents. Data were analyzed using of Chi-square test, independent t test and paired samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Both groups had a significant increase in vocabulary size, while changes in the experimental group were more than double that of the control group (P<0.001). Other aspects of communicative behaviors, such as imitation, naming, and intentionality were changed only in the experimental group according to the course of typical development (P<0.001). Mothers significantly got higher scores after the workshops in a multiple-choice exam regarding children’s communication, language, and interaction (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that mothers’ knowledge of communication development is malleable and probably has positive effects on the communication behaviors of toddlers from low SES backgrounds. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/510

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 4 2022 10 01 330 337 EN Peyman Zamani Hearing Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mohammad Akhani Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Yasaman Negravi Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Donya Hatami-Monjezi Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Ayda Abdi-Dezfuli Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mohammad Rezaei Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2021 03 31 2021 10 26 Introduction: The voice is a professional tool for speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Due to the daily professional use of voice, SLPs, especially novices in this profession are exposed to voice injuries and disorders. Identifying high-risk vocal behaviors in this group can prevent the spread of more serious laryngeal injuries. This study aimed to investigate voice fatigue symptoms in speech therapy students. Materials and Methods: In this study, 129 speech therapy students were divided into two main groups of in-turns and ex-turns. In three sections of the semester (beginning, middle, and end), the vocal fatigue index (VFI) questionnaire and two auditory-perceptual voice scales were completed for both groups. The within-between comparisons were made by considering other side factors, such as gender and students’ professional knowledge status in SPSS software v. 19.0. Results: In the in-turns group, the mean score of VFI at the middle (P=0.025) and the end (P=0.010) of the semester were significantly higher than at the beginning of the semester. Also, the mean score VFI of the in-turns at the middle and end of the semester were higher than of the ex-turned speech therapy students (P=0.011). The effects of students’ gender and their knowledge status on the findings were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that new vocal-speech behaviors related to clinical activities in the clinic environment of speech therapy can increase laryngeal tensions and vocal fatigue in in-turned speech therapy students. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/412

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 4 2022 10 01 338 346 Sepideh Yousefvand Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hooshang Dadgar Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/444

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 17 1 2023 01 01 57 62 Mona Siminghalam Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Hossein Alibakhshi Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Negin Valikhani Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Maryam Gholami Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Mina Sadat Mirshoja Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Neuromuscular Rehabilitation Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. 2021 09 02 2021 10 26 Introduction: One of the most complex problems of elders is the balance problem and the increased risk of falling. Body percussion is an effective treatment for various diseases with cognitive, physical, and psychological deficits and improves the memory, motor, and coordination skills, as well as the social interaction of patients with neurological diseases. One of the problems in the elderly is the weakness in balance skills and falling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of body percussion exercises (BPE) on the balance of the elderly. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out as pretest-posttest research with two experimental and control groups. A 12-session therapeutic program was implemented 3 days a week each for 45-60 minutes. The subjects were evaluated using the Berg balance scale, functional reach, and timed up and go (TUG) tests. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t tests. Results: The results of the treatment group showed a significant effect of BPE on the balance (P<0.005). A comparison of post-treatment results showed that the Berg balance scale (P=0.00), and timed up and go (P=0.023) were significantly different. The functional reach test (P=0.174) was not significantly different. Conclusion: This study showed that BPE had a significant effect on the elderly`s balance. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/537

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 17 1 2023 01 01 63 73 Mansoureh Kazemi Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Azar Mehri Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Shohreh Jalaei Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ferdos Agha Golzadeh Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Humanities, Trabiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 2021 07 03 2021 11 09 Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to investigate how words are retrieved in the picture naming tasks (retrieval is discrete serial or cascading and networked) by examining the effect of word cognateness on the ability to name. Obtaining normal data on the ability to name of Mazandarani-Persian bilingual individuals with different genders, ages, and educational groups, was another goal of this study. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, after completing the language proficiency questionnaire, 120 Mazandarani-Persian individuals named 109 nouns and 90 verbs in Mazandarani and Persian languages. The speed and voice of people were recorded by DMDX software. Results: The results show that the accuracy of the naming cognate nouns in Mazandarani, cognate verbs in Mazandarani and Persian, and the speed of naming cognate nouns in Mazandarani is more than non-cognate (P=0.000). Cognate status, gender (men), word type (noun), level of education, and Persian language had a positive effect on naming accuracy. Conclusion: The results of this study are an example of the effect of cognate status on naming ability and thus confirming the cascaded activation model. Also, gender (men), word type (noun), level of education, and Persian language has a positive effect on naming accuracy. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/493

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 17 1 2023 01 01 74 82 EN Tahere Rezaeian Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Mehdi Ahmadi Department of Physical Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zahra Mosallanezhad Department of Physical Therapy, Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ladan Hemmati Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 2021 08 13 2021 11 14 Introduction: In migraine headaches, motor control of muscles is impaired. In this research, thickness measurement of bilateral muscle thickness of upper trapezius (UT) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles was conducted and intra-rater reliability of the thickness measurement of these muscles was assessed in migraine headache and healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to measure bilateral ultrasound images of UT and SCM muscles in 15 patients with migraine headaches and 15 healthy controls. A linear array probe with a 50-mm footprint and frequency range of 7.5 MHz measured the thickness of UT and SCM, parallel to the orientation of the muscle fibers. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were used for data analysis. Results: The ICC and SEM for thickness measurement of left UT were 0.88 and 0.06 (excellent) and it was 0.87 and 0.07 (excellent) for right UT thickness. The ICC and SEM for left SCM muscle thickness were 0.88 and 0.06 (excellent) and it was 0.85 and 0.08 (excellent) for right SCM thickness. Muscle thickness of the right UT muscle was 13.38±0.92 mm and 11.12±1.00 mm, in migraine and healthy groups, respectively. Also, muscle thickness of the right SCM muscle was 7.24±0.70 mm and 9.16±0.67 mm in migraine and healthy groups, respectively. Conclusion: The present study showed that ultrasonography can be a reliable tool to measure cervical muscle thickness in migraine patients. Additionally, the ultrasonography protocol of the current study, the position, and the measurement level can be used with high reliability in future studies. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/523

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 17 1 2023 01 01 83 92 Sima Mosallaiezadeh Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Siamak Bashardoust Tajali Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Azadeh Shadmehr Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behrouz Attarbashi Moghadam Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2021 08 26 2021 11 22 Introduction: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is of the most common symptoms of musculoskeletal disorder. Diaphragmatic exercises can reduce pain, and disability, improve proprioception, and correct forward head posture (FHP) in patients with CNP. The present study aims to determine the effect of combining diaphragmatic exercises with physiotherapy on pain, disability, and active range of motions of cervical and FHP in individuals with CNP. Materials and Methods: Thirty women with CNP were randomly divided into two combined groups of diaphragmatic exercises and physiotherapy (DEPT) and PHYSIOTHERAPY ALONE (PT). Each person received ten sessions of treatment over two weeks. The results were assessed in the first and tenth sessions as well as two weeks later. Pain intensity was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), disability by neck disability index (NDI), cervical active range of motions (CAROMs) by goniometry, and FHP by a lateral photograph. Results: The VAS, neck disability index (NDI), CAROMs, and FHP were improved after the tenth session and in a two-week follow-up (P<0.001). A significant difference was observed between the groups for average changes of VAS (P=0.04) and active extension (P<0.001) after the tenth session, while the average changes between the two groups of cervical active left lateral flexion (P=0.82) and left rotation (P=0.11) in the next two weeks was not significant. Conclusion: Both groups showed improvement in neck pain, disability, CAROMs, and FHP. However, diaphragmatic exercises and physiotherapy (DEPT) seem to have more lasting effects. Therefore, it is recommended to