Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 2 2022 04 01 105 107 Roger Watson Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom. Ahmad Reza Khatoonabadi Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2021 04 19 2021 06 17 Dear Editor When people consider Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), they tend to focus on design issues, which is understandable. RCTs are an essential component of the arsenal of research designs and are the only research design whereby the true relationship between cause and effect can be discerned. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/432

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 2 2022 04 01 108 119 EN Sajjad Farashi Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Salman Khazaei Health Sciences and Technology Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. Mohammad Rezaei Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. 2021 03 31 2021 06 17 Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes movement and behavioral problems. Pharmacological advancements for preventing disease progression have limited success for many PD patients; therefore, supportive care is necessary. The advancement of the digital world and the revolution of computerized applications pave the way for a better understanding of PD and inventing technological apparatus for helping PD patients to provide them a more normal life. In this review, the most recent technological advancements regarding the rehabilitation, monitoring, and early prognosis of PD are presented. Furthermore, the possible neurological mechanisms responsible for the positive effects of technological-based interventions are discussed. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/410

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 2 2022 02 08 120 129 EN Mahshid Aghajanzadeh Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Saeed Saeedi Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2021 02 16 2021 07 06 Introduction: The acoustic analysis is one of the well-known methods for voice evaluation. In recent years, many studies have investigated the cepstral measures compared with the other former acoustic parameters. This review article evaluates the related studies in the cepstral areas to ascertain whether they are efficient in the diagnosis of dysphonia. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the available research studies between 2009 and 2021 narratively in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases. The searched keywords included “cepstral peak prominence”, “smoothed cepstral peak prominence”, “instrumental acoustic analysis”, “acoustic”, and “diagnosis”. The articles that investigated the power of Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) and its smoothed version (CPPS) to differentiate dysphonia versus normal voice have been included. However, the interventional studies that consider CPP and CPPS as one of their adjunct variables and studies that investigated the relationship of the cepstral measure with other parameters were not included. Results: Recent studies support the efficiency of CPP and CPPS to diagnose dysphonia. Conclusion: It is reasonable for the voice care teams to use CPP and CPPS in the patients’ initial assessment and track the effects of treatment. However, according to the relatively limited number of studies in this area, more studies are required to clarify the efficacy of cepstral measures in different voice pathologies. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/383

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 2 2022 04 01 130 136 Alireza Aghaz Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Arash Shahriyari Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Shiva Panahiaboozar Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Jadidi Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Mohadeseh Khoshgoftar Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Edris Choupani Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Ehsan Hemmati Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2021 03 19 2021 11 02 Introduction: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dysphonia in patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: English and Persian studies that reported dysphonia in patients with COVID-19 were included. Review and case report studies were excluded. We searched Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1, 2020, to July 15, 2021. The prevalence of dysphonia was obtained by combining the results and weighing the sample sizes in the corresponding studies. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochran Q test and I2 Results: Of the 1830 articles identified, 7 studies (n=1410 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of dysphonia was 31% (%95CI: 13%-48%). The prevalence rates of dysphonia in men and women with COVID-19 were 28.2% (%95CI: 14%-46%) and 32.8% (%95CI: 22%-45%), respectively. Conclusion: Because of the design of the included studies, the reliability of the results is limited. There was notable heterogeneity in the data, not because of publication bias, but rather the small sample sizes or the heterogeneity of the COVID-19 disease. About one-third of patients with COVID-19 may have dysphonia as the only symptom. Therefore, one should even be careful in approaching those who have only dysphonia. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/408

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 2 2022 04 01 137 146 Vahid Sobhani Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Zahra Rezvani Department of Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University GC, Tehran, Iran. Gholam Hossein Meftahi Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. Fahimeh Ghahvehchi-Hosseini Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Boshra Hatef Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran. 2021 02 19 2021 06 17 Introduction: This study evaluated the brain activity based on the linear and nonlinear features of surface electroencephalography (EEG) in the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT) and the effect of learning in the test response and related EEG features. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 women and 19 men with physical and mental health participated in this study. Four stages of this SCWT, consistently in the first and second stages and inconsistently in the third and fourth stages, were taken twice by the participants with a 10-min interval. Besides, EEG recording was simultaneously taken for 1 minute at each stage. Results: The number of correct responses in the inconsistent stages was lower than that in the consistent stages, while the delay of correct responses was more in the consistent stages. EEG features showed that the relative power band of alpha 1 (8-10 Hz) frequency reduced during the test compared to the resting state. In contrast, the gamma 2 (40-50 Hz) frequency band showed a significant increase. There was no significant difference between various stages of the test and between two repetitions in the test indices and EEG features. Conclusion: Compared to the resting state, the relative power of alpha 1 and gamma 2 frequency bands changed during SCWT without considering the stage of the test. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/384

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 2 2022 04 01 147 153 Nasibeh Noorimombeyni Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mohammad Jafar Shaterzadeh Yazdi Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mehrnoosh Karimi Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Meimanat Akbari Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Arash Bayat Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Neda Orakifar Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Dorsa Hamedi Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Maryam Delphi Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Seifollah Jahantabinejad Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Majid Soltani Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Roya Ghasemzadeh Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Shahla Zahednejad Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Peyman Zamani Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mojtaba Tavakoli Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Fatemeh Taheri Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Masoumeh Hosseini Bidokhti Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Farkhondeh Jamshidi Department of Forensic Medicine, Social determinants of health research center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Negin Moradi Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2021 03 04 2021 06 27 Introduction: Professional ethics in Rehabilitation Sciences is necessary for achieving therapeutic goals. Considering the importance of professional ethics training for rehabilitation students, we aimed to investigate the effects of a professional ethics workshop on improving the students’ ethical knowledge at Ahvaz Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ahvaz City, Iran. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study was conducted on all third- and fourth-year students in Audiology, Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy, and Speech therapy and the postgraduate students of the faculty. The two-day workshop was held for 16 hours. The students completed an ethical knowledge assessment test designed by the faculty members before and after the workshop. Results: The data of 206 students (26% male and 74% female), with a mean age of 25.68 years, were analyzed in this study. The Mean±SD scores of the ethical knowledge test before and after the workshop were 4.71±1.84 and 7.02±1.42, respectively. Based on the results, the ethical knowledge of the students increased significantly after the workshop (P<0.001). Improvement of ethical knowledge scores was significantly different between educational levels (P=0.033). Also, the improvement of ethical knowledge score was significantly different among various study fields (P=0.007). Conclusion: Considering the promotion of students’ ethical knowledge through participation in this workshop, it is suggested that an ethical workshop be held upon the entry of all rehabilitation students into the clinical field. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/394

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 16 2 2022 04 01 154 160 Nahid Jalilevand Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Maryam Tarameshlu Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Narges Moein Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/1415

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 0 - 2025 11 11 1402 1402 Priyanka Gupta Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India Seveka Bali Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India Amrit Pal Sood Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India Amit Mital Department of Pediatrics, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Chhainsa, Faridabad, Haryana, India Priyanka Choudhary Department of Community Medicine, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Chhainsa, Faridabad, Haryana, India Sudhansu Baral Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India Somya Saxena Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India Reeta Upadhyay Department of Physical Rehabilitation and Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India Renu Suthar Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India 2025 08 20 2025 11 09 Background - Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to progressive muscle weakness. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of telerehabilitation in the improvement of pulmonary function in DMD patients. Materials and Methods - An interventional study was conducted among boys aged 5 to 12 years with DMD enrolled in the Pediatric Neurology clinic between September 2023 to February 2024. Telemedicine-based respiratory exercises were explained to the patients and their parents every 15 days for a 3 month-period, and patients were encouraged to do exercise for at least 5 days a week. Pulmonary function tests, including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), were recorded before and after intervention. Results –67 children participated in this study. There was significant improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) [p value <0.001, Cohen’s d value=1.93] and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) [p value <0.001, Cohen’s d value=1.06]. The FEV1/FVC ratio, a parameter that can be elevated in restrictive diseases, was also significantly decreased [p value <0.001, Cohen’s d value = -0.63]. For a one-unit increase in age, the FVC change after intervention was predicted to decrease significantly by 0.24 units, holding other variables constant. Conclusions: Telemedicine-based pulmonary rehabilitation for 3 months markedly improved the pulmonary function, thus concluding that this intervention is effective in improving the pulmonary function of DMD patients, and effectiveness is more if telerehabilitation is started at an early age. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/1402

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 0 - 2025 12 06 1443 1443 Mohammad Sheibanifar Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Ebrahimabadi Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hoda Niknam Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farshad Okhovatian Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban Proteomics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marzieh Mortezanejad Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran 2025 10 07 2025 12 06 Background: Post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (PPSUI) is a common complication following radical prostatectomy. This study compared the efficacy of integrative physical therapy (IPT) and supervised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in managing PPSUI. Methods: Sixty-six men aged 50–80 years with PPSUI were randomly assigned to IPT, PFMT, or control groups. The IPT program included electrotherapy, manual therapy, diaphragmatic breathing, and PFMT. The PFMT group received supervised PFMT. The control group received sham electrotherapy. All interventions were delivered in 12 sessions over four weeks. Outcome measures included voided volume, fluid intake, micturition frequency, incontinence frequency, and health-related quality of life assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire. Results: Both IPT and PFMT significantly reduced micturition and incontinence frequency and improved SF-12 scores compared with the control group (p<0.001). The control group showed no significant improvements across any outcome measures. IPT demonstrated superior improvements relative to PFMT in micturition frequency, incontinence frequency, and SF-12 scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both IPT and PFMT are effective for PPSUI, with IPT showing greater overall efficacy. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/1443

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 0 - 2025 12 07 1450 1450 Jayashree Duraimurugan Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-602105 Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-602105 Mohamed Sahal Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-602105 Diovin Derose Vianni Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-602105 Eunice Keren Singarayar Sri Ramakrishna College of Physiotherapy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences (SRIPMS), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India-641044 Fadwa Alhalaiqa Department of Nursing, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar 2025 10 19 2025 12 07 Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder commonly associated with altered gait patterns, but little information exists on comparative specific spatiotemporal gait parameters in individuals with LBP. This gap is addressed in the present study by comparing the mean values of stride length, step length, and stride time, as well as corresponding measures of hip extension and peak knee flexion angle, using Kinovea software. Material and Methods: This observational study was done on 200 subjects, 100 healthy (group I) and 100 LBP individuals (group II). The inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the study subjects. All participants underwent a gait analysis using Kinovea software, and gait parameters, including stride length, step time, and hip extension, were also measured. Statistical associations with gait parameters and the presence of LBP were analyzed. Results: Subjects with low back pain showed significant gait alteration with decreased stride length (mean difference (MD) 32.93 cm, p=0.001), decreased step length (18.52 cm, p=0.001), and reduced hip extension (1.88°, p=0.001) with weak to moderate correlation (r=0.214-0.282). These gait impairments were independent of the body composition. Conclusions: The research results in the identification of significant changes in the gait patterns of patients with and without low back pain, as revealed by Kinovea software, characterized by low step length, high temporal duration, and low magnitude of hip extension. These results provide quantitatively measurable differences in gait dynamics due to inter-individual differences that are observed clinically. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/1450

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 0 - 2025 12 09 1454 1454 Yukta Devanand Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-602105 Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-602105 Priyanka Bai Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-602105 Diovin Derose Vianni Saveetha College of Physiotherapy, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-602105 Eunice Keren Singarayar Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical and Sciences College of Physiotherapy Fadwa Alhalaiqa Department of Nursing, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar 2025 10 23 2025 12 09 Background: Ankle sprains are common in competitive sports, especially football, accounting for about 15–17% of collegiate athletic injuries. Lateral ankle sprains occur frequently due to rapid directional changes, jumping, and intense landings. Plyometric training, involving explosive and dynamic movements, is gaining attention for its role in rehabilitation and injury prevention. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of plyometric training on balance and foot function among collegiate football players with lateral ankle sprains. Material and Methods: Collegiate football players with lateral ankle sprain (LAS) completed a four-week plyometric training program consisting of three thirty-minute sessions per week that included Pogo Hops, Lateral Jumps, Forward Jumps and Single Leg Split Squats. The values of Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Foot Function Index (FFI) scores pre- and post-intervention were compared with paired-sample t-test with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The study showed significant improvements in SEBT scores increased in the right limb (anterior: 80.400 ± 1.265 to 80.800 ± 1.206 cm, p<0.05) and left limb (anterior: 80.400 ± 1.265 to 80.850 ± 1.132 cm, p<0.05), with similar gains in posteromedial and posterolateral directions. FFI scores also improved for both limbs (right: 80.450 ± 1.165 to 80.850 ± 1.132; left: 80.550 ± 1.235 to 81.000 ± 1.179, p<0.05), indicating better balance and foot function. Conclusions: Plyometric Training would typically emphasize its effectiveness in enhancing balance and foot function in collegiate football players recovering from lateral ankle sprains. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/1454

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 0 - 2025 12 14 1424 1424 EN Wajid Khalil University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China 2025 09 13 2025 12 14 This study introduces a human-machine model utilizing OpenSim. It exam