Journal of Modern Rehabilitation

Gait Differences between Adults with and without Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

Sun, 07 Dec 2025 09:28:18 +0330

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a musculoskeletal disorder commonly associated with altered gait patterns, but little information exists on comparative specific spatiotemporal gait parameters in individuals with LBP. This gap is addressed in the present study by comparing the mean values of stride length, step length, and stride time, as well as corresponding measures of hip extension and peak knee flexion angle, using Kinovea software.
Material and Methods: This observational study was done on 200 subjects, 100 healthy (group I) and 100 LBP individuals (group II). The inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to select the study subjects. All participants underwent a gait analysis using Kinovea software, and gait parameters, including stride length, step time, and hip extension, were also measured. Statistical associations with gait parameters and the presence of LBP were analyzed.
Results: Subjects with low back pain showed significant gait alteration with decreased stride length (mean difference (MD) 32.93 cm, p=0.001), decreased step length (18.52 cm, p=0.001), and reduced hip extension (1.88°, p=0.001) with weak to moderate correlation (r=0.214-0.282). These gait impairments were independent of the body composition.
Conclusions: The research results in the identification of significant changes in the gait patterns of patients with and without low back pain, as revealed by Kinovea software, characterized by low step length, high temporal duration, and low magnitude of hip extension. These results provide quantitatively measurable differences in gait dynamics due to inter-individual differences that are observed clinically.

Integrative Physical Therapy Versus Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Post-Prostatectomy Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sat, 06 Dec 2025 10:43:10 +0330

Background: Post-prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (PPSUI) is a common complication following radical prostatectomy. This study compared the efficacy of integrative physical therapy (IPT) and supervised pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in managing PPSUI.
Methods: Sixty-six men aged 50–80 years with PPSUI were randomly assigned to IPT, PFMT, or control groups. The IPT program included electrotherapy, manual therapy, diaphragmatic breathing, and PFMT. The PFMT group received supervised PFMT. The control group received sham electrotherapy. All interventions were delivered in 12 sessions over four weeks. Outcome measures included voided volume, fluid intake, micturition frequency, incontinence frequency, and health-related quality of life assessed using the SF-12 questionnaire.
Results: Both IPT and PFMT significantly reduced micturition and incontinence frequency and improved SF-12 scores compared with the control group (p<0.001). The control group showed no significant improvements across any outcome measures. IPT demonstrated superior improvements relative to PFMT in micturition frequency, incontinence frequency, and SF-12 scores (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Both IPT and PFMT are effective for PPSUI, with IPT showing greater overall efficacy.

The Effect of Blue Light Blocking Filters on Human Visual System Performance and Individual Characteristics: A Narrative Review

Mehrdad Sadeghi, Saeed Rahmani, Mohammad Ghasemi Brumand, Parvin Dibajnia — Sat, 22 Nov 2025 11:18:43 +0330

Blue light blocking filters are recognized as important tools for reducing the harmful effects of light emitted from digital screens. This narrative review, based on a comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, examines studies published between 2010 and 2024 and evaluates the effects of these filters on eye health, sleep quality, and related functions. Findings indicate that the use of these filters can help reduce visual discomfort and improve individual factors such as circadian rhythm and sleep quality. Moreover, the relationship between blue light blocking filters and the reduction of sleep disorders such as insomnia, anxiety, migraines, photophobia, mania, computer vision syndrome, and accommodative problems has been investigated. The effects of these filters on retinal structure and function, their potential to reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), and their influence on contrast sensitivity, color perception, and motion detection have also been discussed. Some studies suggest that these filters may affect contrast sensitivity; however, further research is needed to clarify these effects. The use of these filters is recommended for individuals who are continuously exposed to digital devices. Although these lenses do not significantly impact overall color perception, they may cause difficulties in distinguishing colors, particularly within the blue spectrum. This study, as a narrative review, provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of blue light blocking filters and emphasizes the need for further research in this area.

Effects of Vitamins on Auditory and Vestibular Systems: Narrative Review

Aylin Mellati, Nasrin Gohari, Nayiere Mansouri, Mona Mansouri — Tue, 11 Nov 2025 10:07:38 +0330

Introduction: Hearing and balance are vital body functions that allow us to communicate with our surroundings and effectively participate in everyday activities. These two functions are influenced by a variety of factors, including vitamins. In this article, we will examine the role of vitamins on hearing and balance, and the effects of deficiencies in these nutrients on ear and balance health.
Materials and Methods: This review examined the effects of vitamins on hearing. We identified 71 studies published since 2000 through searches of Medline (PubMed), Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, EBSCO, ASHA, Thieme and the ProQuest.
Results: Evidence suggests that vitamins A, B, C, D, and E are associated with auditory and vestibular health. Deficiencies in these vitamins have been linked to hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and impaired inner ear function. In particular, vitamins A and E support hair cell integrity and protect against oxidative stress, while B and C vitamins contribute to neural function. Vitamin D is also important for vestibular health through its role in calcium regulation.
Conclusion: Ensuring adequate intake of these vitamins through diet or supplementation may help prevent hearing and balance disorders and improve quality of life

The Prevalence of Learning Disabilities among Elementary School Children in Iran from 1990 to 2025: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Aynaz Holakouee, Alireza Aghaz, Roya Mokhtari Fard — Tue, 11 Nov 2025 09:14:01 +0330

Background: Learning disabilities (LDs) are among the most common developmental and educational challenges faced by school-age children worldwide. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a pooled estimate of the prevalence of all types of learning disabilities in elementary school students in Iran.
Material and Methods: A comprehensive systematic search was performed in the international and national databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Magiran, and SID, from 1990 to March 18, 2025. The quality of articles was evaluated by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). All analyses in this study were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software, version 3.0.
Results: A total of 32 studies, comprising 81363 students, were included. The pooled prevalence of LDs among elementary school children in Iran was 5.6% (boys 6.4% and girls 5%). The prevalence of LDs in first-, second-, third-, fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students was 9.5%, 6.9%, 6.2%, 5.2%, 4.5%, and 3.1%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dysgraphia was 5.4%, 4.3%, and 3.4%, respectively.
Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that at least one in 20 Iranian students has a learning disability, and this rate rises to one in ten in early grades.