Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Modern Rehabilitation 2538-385X 12 2 2019 01 09 133 139 Majid Soltani Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Seyedeh Fatemeh Emami Dehcheshmeh Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Negin Moradi Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Alireza Hajiyakhchali Department of Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Nastaran Majdinasab Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Seyed Mahmood Latifi Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran. Masoume Hosseini beidokhti Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2019 01 09 Introduction: Executive functions generally refer to cognitive functions involved in the control and regulation of goal-directed behavior also the formation of mental representations. Several factors such as age, task complexity, and bilingualism affect executive functions. There are opposing effects for the role of bilingualism on executive functions. This study aimed to compare executive functions of bilingual patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) with their monolingual counterparts. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 13 bilingual patients with RRMS are compared with 13 monolingual peers. The research instrument included progressive matrices raven test, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and clinical tests of executive functions (continuous performance test, Wechsler memory test and verbal fluency test). The Mann-Whitney test was used as statistical analysis. Results: The results indicated statistically significant differences between two groups with regard to correct response, error of omission, and commission error. However, there was no difference in the digit span test. Monolinguals in Persian language, however, performed better than bilinguals in all verbal fluency tasks. Conclusion: Bilingualism promotes cognitive ability and executive functions in nonverbal tasks. Ironically, it seems that the only recorded negative impact of bilingualism are on verbal knowledge and skill. https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/view/166 https://jmr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jmr/article/download/166/109